1. COSTS OF THE WAR PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
END OF THE WAR AND PEACE
COSTS OF THE WAR
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES

2. COSTS OF THE WAR 8 Million deaths 20 Million wounded
7 Million with permanent disabilities

3. Psychological Wounds
Something was wrong. They put on civilian clothes again and looked to their mothers and wives very much like the young men who had gone to business in the peaceful days before August But they had not come back the same men. Something had altered them. They were subject to queer moods and queer tempers, fits of profound depression alternating with a restless desire for pleasure. Many were easily moved to passion where they lost control of themselves, many were bitter in their speech, violent in opinion, frightening.

4. Material Costs:
A 1920 estimate said the direct expense of the conflict was 186 billion.
Intense production of war material meant a neglect of normal peacetime manufacturing.

5. Paris Peace Conference of 1919
The armistice was signed on November 11, The negotiations for peace did not take place until Spring of 1919.
27 nations sent delegations to the conference.

6. Representation: U.S.A- Woodrow Wilson France- George Clemenceau
Britain- David Lloyd George
Italy- Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Germany- not included in the negotiations as they were defeated (known as a dictated peace)
Russia- banned from participation

7. Treaty of Versailles Signed on July 28, 1919
Formally placed the blame of the war on Germany, known as the War Guilt Clause
Germany lost colonies in Africa and in the Pacific. Also lost territories in Europe, most important- Alsace-Lorraine.
German military dismantled
Military limited to 100,000 men
No Air Force or “offensive weapons”, and only 6 warships

8. Changes to the map of Europe
See how many changes to the map of Europe you can see following the Treaty of Versailles…

10. LEAGUE OF NATIONS: established as a organization that would deter aggression and mediate disputes peacefully

11. How did Germany feel about the Treaty of Versailles?
Distortion of reality- they entered war only to defend themselves against Russian aggression
Disarmament was degrading to a great power
Hard for them to accept defeat- Allies had not reached German soil until after the armistice, and there had been no destruction
Many looked forward to the day when these settlements could be reversed