William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7th Edition

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Presentation transcript:

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction

Architecture & Organization 1 Architecture (結構) is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications (規格). Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

Architecture & Organization 2 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture but with differences in organization. This gives code compatibility (相容性) At least backwards Organization differs between different versions

Structure & Function A computer is a complex system, containing millions of elementary electronic components. A hierarchical (階層式) system At each level in the hierarchy, structure and function are concerned. Structure is the way in which components (元件) relate to each other. Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure.

All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control

Functional view Apparatus: 裝置

Operations (1) Data movement

Operations (2) Storage

Operation (3) Processing from/to storage

Operation (4) Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Main Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic Computer and Registers Login Unit I/O System Bus CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit

Structure - The Control Unit CPU Sequencing Logic ALU Control Unit Internal Bus Control Unit Registers and Decoders Registers Control Memory

Internet Resources - Web site for book http://williamstallings.com/COA/COA7e.html links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc