GREETINGS FROM INDIA The national animal The national bird The national flower

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION D.Chandramohan India Barcoding of Life : Meeting the Demand for Knowledge and Skills

D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 CAPACITY the ability of individuals, organizations and societies to perform functions, solve problems, and set and achieve goals

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT the sustainable creation, utilization and retention of that capacity the individual (tools & training) the organization (restructuring, strengthening of the existing systems) the institutional (culture change) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 The 3 Elements

EDUCATION imparting knowledge imparting knowledge D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 the knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process

Capacity vary from country to country LOW HIGH D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

….even from one institution to another in a country LOW HIGH D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

The challenge….. ….how to bridge this gap D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Assessing the statusAssessing the status Identifying the needIdentifying the need Working out the strategyWorking out the strategy TrainingTraining Extending support for sustainabilityExtending support for sustainability D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 THE PROCESS STEPS

A case study… INDIA D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Very rich biodiversityVery rich biodiversity km coastline km coastline ~2 Million sqKm EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ~2 Million sqKm EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 Major Island Ecosystems Andaman&Nicobar (Bay of Bengal) Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea)Major Island Ecosystems Andaman&Nicobar (Bay of Bengal) Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea) Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Coastal Population: 370 million

D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 Andaman & Nicobar Lakshadweep 36/10 294/36

Government of India Ministry of Science & Technology Ministry of Forests & Environment Ministry of Agriculture Department of Science & Technology (DST) Department of Scientific & Industrial Research(CSIR) Department of Biotechnology(DBT) Department of Ocean Development (DOD) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) Aquaculture Authority of India(AAI) Zoological Survey of India(ZSI) Botanical Survey of India(BSI) Department of Agriculture (ICAR) Department of Animal Sciences (ICAR) Department of Fisheries (ICAR) Fisheries Survey of India (FSI) University Grants Commission (UGC) National Universities State Universities Centre of Advanced Studies Private Universities Ministry of Human Resource Development D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Institutions under Government of India National DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnosis (DBT) National Centre for Cell Science (DBT) National Bureau of Fish Genetics Resources (ICAR) International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB,New Delhi) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Institutions under Government of India Marine & Fisheries Sector Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB) National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute(CMFRI) Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 CSIR

D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 Private institutions No major support…..! D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology (Annamalai University) (East coast) Fisheries College (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University) (East Coast) Fisheries College (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University) (East Coast) Andhra University (East Coast) Andhra University (East Coast) Cochin University of Science & Technology (West Coast) Cochin University of Science & Technology (West Coast) Fisheries College ( Karnataka Agricultural University) (West Coast) Fisheries College ( Karnataka Agricultural University) (West Coast) Goa University (West Coast) Goa University (West Coast) Coastal Universities engaged in marine biology teaching and research D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Assessment ? 1.There are many institutions with advanced capabilities in the area of molecular biology and biochemistry. 2.There are large institutions specializing in fisheries and marine biology research. 3. Even though these institutions have their own mandate they have sufficient resources to take up barcoding of life program. 4. Some of the ministries encourage projects in documentation of marine biodiversity. 5. Coastal Universities show interest in Barcoding of Marine Life but they are not uniform in their capacity. D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Strategy ? D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, Identify the potential individuals and institutions who can develop a Network project. 2.Conduct a training workshop for the individuals with the help of experts. 3. Identify the national funding agency and prepare the proposal. 4. Promote international collaboration –experts visiting India and researchers visiting labs in other countries. 5.Establish a CENTRE FOR BARCODING OF MARINE LIFE for sustainable development.

D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 Issues to be tackled…! 1.Agencies differ in their policies and priorities for funding. 2.Enthusiastic individuals but lack of institutional infrastructure 3.Developing regional programs involving many countries 4.Availability of taxonomic experts 5.Convincing top level decision makers – a critical factor for funding

How we made a proposal ? D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Department of Ocean Development (DOD) Universities Ocean Science & Technology Cells OSTC Marine Benthos Marine Microbiology Marine Biology Marine Coastal Ecology(2) Marine Geology & Geophysics D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 Marine Placer Deposits Ocean Engineering & Robotics Coastal Marine Culture Systems

D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 OSTC (Marine Benthos) Monograph on Indian Barnacles (70 sp; 28 genera) Monograph on the Taxonomy of Bryozoans from the EEZ of India (132 sp; 41 families; 3 orders) Monograph on Marine benthic microalgae from the EEZ of India ( 292 sp; 88 genera) Impact of bottom trawling on Benthic Communities (major multi-institutional project) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

A Project Proposal… Barcoding of Indian species of Barnacles D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

Cyprid Larva Nauplius D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

…..finding the partners CAS in Marine Biology Annamalai University OSTC Cochin University Expert Monograph National Institute of Oceanography Technology D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 A NETWORK PROJECT

Centre for Barcoding of Marine Life (National Institute of Oceanography, Kochi) ? Technical Assistance (TA) Within the Country Outside the Country Taxonomic expert-1 Taxonomic expert-2 Taxonomic expert-3 CBOL the transfer, adoption, mobilization and utilization of services, skills, knowledge & technology D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Conclusions Increased awareness should be capitalized Bring more taxonomic groups under the program Increase opportunities for training Increase opportunities for training D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

1 2 3 Barnacle DNA CO 1 gene (650bp) Fish DNA Barnacle

FACTS AND FIGURES – INDIA (Marine) 1.Indias coastline : km 2.Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : 2 million sq.km. 3.Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal together account for about 3% of the world oceanic area. Receive close to 9% of the global river runoff. 4.Lakshadweep : 36 islands ( 10 are inhabited) 5.Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 294 (36 are inhabited) 6.Coastal population : 370 million

Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial. India is rich in flora. Currently available data place India in the tenth position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. From about 70 per cent geographical area surveyed so far, 47,000 species of plants have been described by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, the national bird of India, is a colourful, swan-sized bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye and a long, slender neck. The male of the species is more colourful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a spectacular bronze-green train of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly smaller than the male and lacks the train. The elaborate courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.

The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. To check the dwindling population of tigers in India, Project Tiger' was launched in April So far, 27 tiger reserves have been established in the country under this project, covering an area of 37,761 sq km.

The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra). In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left. The bell- shaped lotus has been omitted. The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.

The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July Apart from non-statutory instructions issued by the Government from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No. 12 of 1950) and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971). The Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned. The Flag Code of India, 2002, took effect from 26 January 2002 and superseded the Flag CodeIndias' as it existed. As per the provisions of the Flag Code of India, 2002, there are no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of general public, private organisations, educational institutions, etc., except to the extent provided in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 and any other law enacted on the subject.