Cellular Transport and Biomolecules EOC REVIEW Cellular Transport and Biomolecules

LIPID BILAYER #13 The cell membrane is made up of two layers of lipids, specifically phospholipids

Protein channel specific substances across a cell membrane.  a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. 

Cell membrane 14. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable Membrane that allows some things to pass while others cannot 15. In osmosis, WATER moves from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration. 16. In diffusion, MOLECULES move from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration.

Transport of molecules in and out of the cell The dark molecules are too large to pass through the membrane b. The Starch concentration is greatest on the right side of the beaker c. The water concentration is greatest on the left d. The dark molecules would move the left if they could because diffusion occurs from high to low concentration

Hypotonic solution 18a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.

Hypertonic solution 18 b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.

19. Passive Transport Active Transport Requires energy? NO YES   Passive Transport Active Transport Requires energy? NO YES Low to high or High to low? High to Low Low to high Examples Diffusion, osmosis, & facilitated diffusion Exocytosis & endocytosis

Chemistry of Life-BioChemistry #1 Organic Molecule: Contains which of the following: C, H, O, N, P Made up of: Function Examples Carbohydrates C, H, O monosaccharides & polysaccharides Main source of energy for living things Structural support for plants Glucose Fructose Glycogen Lipids Fatty acid & glycerol Store energy for living things Compose bi-layer in all cell membranes Leaves translucent spots on paper Steroids = chemical messengers Fats Oils Waxes Proteins C, H, O, N Amino Acids Regulate cell processes. Form bones & muscle. Transport substances in & out of cells. Fight off disease. (Immune System) Enzymes Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Stores genetic material DNA RNA

C. enzyme-substrate complex D. enzyme (unchanged) E. Product A. substrate/reactant B. Enzyme C. enzyme-substrate complex D. enzyme (unchanged) E. Product

ENZYMES What is he function of an enzyme?   What is he function of an enzyme? 2. Acts as a biological catalyst, speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction How do temperature and pH affect enzymes? 3. Most enzymes work best in certain conditions.  A change in those condit ions will cause denaturing.   Too high or too low temps or pH will cause the enzyme to no longer work properly. This is called denaturing (#8) 4. Acids have pH BELOW 7  5. Bases have pH ABOVE 7 6. Neutral solutions have pH of 7