Study these photos for 2 minutes Study these photos for 2 minutes. Focus on details as well as overall impression List people, objects, activities Make 3 Inferences (What factual information do you assume based on what you see) If you could ask these people a question, What would you like to know?

The Expansion of Industry After the Civil War, the United States was still largely agricultural. By the 1920’s, a mere 60 years later, it had become the leading industrial power in the world! Three Main Factors Contributed to this Industrial Boom: wealth of natural resources explosions of inventions growing urban population (provided cheap labor and markets for new products)

The Expansion of Industry - Oil In 1859, Edwin L. Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA. This removed oil from beneath the earth’s surface and started an oil boom throughout the nation. Entrepreneurs began to transform the oil into kerosene (lamps/heating fuel) Gasoline became the most important product of oil after the automobile became popular.

The Expansion of Industry- The Bessemer Steel Process In 1887, prospectors discovered iron ore in Minnesota. The Bessemer Process was developed by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly around 1850. Used a technique which involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities to transform it into steel This made steel stronger at a lower cost – better to withstand pressure, hold, and be more secure and durable By 1880, manufacturers in the U.S. were using this method to produce over 90% of the nations steel.

Steel Makes Farming Easier The Increase in farming efficiency means less farm workers are needed This sends the nation’s laborers to the cities to look for jobs A new class of Americans is created: City-dwelling working class

The Expansion of Industry- New Uses For Steel Railroads were the biggest customer for steel. Steel made innovative construction possible Brooklyn Bridge – completed 1883 Home Insurance Building – in Chicago Skyscrapers – invention of elevators and internal steel skeletons Growth of Cities Reasons: job/immigration Effect: more workers/more people to sell goods

Inventors and Their Inventions Christopher Sholes Alexander Graham Bell George Westinghouse Orville & Wilbur Wright George Eastman (Kodak) Thomas Edison Typewriter (1867) Telephone (1876) Railroad air brake (1868) Airplane (successful flight 12/17/1903) Camera (1888) Light Bulb Inventors and Their Inventions

Thomas EDISON MANY MANY INVENTIONS! Why is the invention of the light bulb so important? Allows factories to be open all night long. 3rd Shift? (implies 8 hour workdays) Didn’t exist. Another invention that continues the change in America from the Farm to the City