Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication Tapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto, Jari.

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Presentation transcript:

Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication Tapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto, Jari Walden (Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli (University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University)

Shipping is a global source of emissions Shipping enjoys long-standing freedoms of the high seas Emissions from ships are difficult to measure Previous estimates were based on bunker used and estimated ship routes Updates every 5-10 years Emissions hardly regulated (until 2005 at least)

Goals (Emission inventory) AIS information Revised emission factors

Live emissions

Distribution of annual NOx emission

Verification of emission estimates fuel consumption estimate

Wind waves and fuel consumption by hour

NOx deposition (mgN/m 2 ) due to shipping

Percentage of monthly NOx deposition due to ship emissions January 2007 July 2006

Emission measurements

measurement station in Aegna Mesurement frequency: 10 min discontinuous periods Measure- ment cabin 6 m 7 m 10,65 m -Windspeed - Temperature - Wind direction and –speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx -Wind speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx

Measured data; example, 9h period

Shipping is a potential contributor to marine eutrophication Thought experiment: A months worth of shipping emissions would increase the nitrogen level in the sea within 10 km of the shipping lane significantly. The increase is comparable to about 5-20% of winter nutrient concentrations.

Scenario with 5.2% growth

Conclusions In the Baltic region, ship emissions account for up to 50% of the Nox deposition Baltic shipping creates more SOx emissions than Nordic countries (FI, SE, NO, DK) together from land- based sources Much policy-level activity both in the Baltic and internationally Should WMO liaise more closely with IMO to promote the study of shipping emissions and their effects?

Thank you! [Quiz: where is the above picture taken from?]