1. 1 Environmental aspects of green shipping Jacqueline McGlade Executive Director European Environment Agency 15 June 2010

2. 2 European Environment Agency The EEA aims to support sustainable development and to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe's environment through the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public. An agency of the European Community Located in the centre of Copenhagen

3. 3 Transport work at EEA Emission Inventories and Reporting (both greenhouse gases and regulated pollutants) Air Quality Tracking Transport Subsidies Studies Marine Environment Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism (TERM)

4. 4 TERM organisational set-up and outputs Indicators EEA Main reports ENV TREN Country information Policy context Statistics Review –Country fact sheets –Indicator based reports –Technical/focus studies TERM consist of: PCPs T ransport –Network of national experts –Indicator fact sheets –Indicators data sheets

5. 5 High intensity use of the Baltic Sea Data source: HELCOM AIS Density of Baltic ship traffic in one week of 2008

6. 6 Invasive species are introduced with ballast water Cercopagis pengoi Prorocentrum Marenzelleria American comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi

7. 7 CleanSea Net

8. 8 Combined satellite and flight surveillance has contributed to reducing oil discharges from ships

9. 9 Ship traffic in the Baltic Sea Most traffic is tanker and cargo ships, i.e. international shipping Distribution of ship types in the Baltic Sea, 2008

10. 10 Transport emissions (ex. bunker) Notes: The transport emissions data include all of ‘road transport’ and ‘other transport/mobile sources’, less the ‘memo’ items, which include international aviation (LTO (Landing and Take Off) and cruise) and international marine (international sea traffic — bunkers). These are reported separately to EMEP for information. Source: EEA-ETC/ACC, 2006. The SO 2 story

11. 11 Trend in modal emissions CONO x NMVOCSO X Source:2009 National CRF submissions to IPCC. The SO 2 story

12. 12 Trend in international maritime emissions Source:2009 National CRF submissions to IPCC. The SO 2 story

13. 13 Sulphur limits in EU The SO 2 story

14. 14 Sulphur levels in marine fuel, 2004 Source: DNV, 2005 The SO 2 story

15. 15 Sulphur effects Increased mortality – but also linked to PM and NOx Acid rain on land Change in acidity of oceans – also linked to CO 2 Possibly a ”negative” climate impact – but short-lived compared to CO 2 The SO 2 story

16. 16 Rotterdam: A PM 2.5 hotspot The SO 2 story

17. 17 Ex ante evaluation of SO 2 reduction proposals Source: IMO doc BLG 12/INF.10 The SO 2 story

18. 18 SO 2 conclusions Discovering the ”sulphur leakage” has led to a rethink on regulation Lends support to the BSPC recommendations to –designate additional European Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs), –an earlier start of the gradual worldwide reduction of the sulphur content of ship fuels from the current level of 4.5 per cent to 0.5 per cent, which was originally slated to start in 2020, –Brings regulation for shipping more in line with regulations for other forms of transport The SO 2 story

19. 19 EU overall emission trajectories vs. transport emissions ’23 January proposal’ ’Bali roadmap range’ Bunkers +2.5%/year The CO 2 story

20. 20 Trend in maritime emissions Navigation (national) Navigation (international) Source:2009 National CRF submissions to IPCC. CO 2 growth 2.5% per year CO 2 growth 0% per year The CO 2 story

21. 21 Average CO 2 emissions from different transport modes Maritime 14 g/tkm Rail 23 g/tkm Road (HDV) 91 g/tkm Road (LDV)404 g/tkm The CO 2 story Source:EEA

22. 22 Large spread within maritime sector The CO 2 story

23. 23 Some segments are comparable The CO 2 story Motorways of the sea: - Maritime 96 g/tkm - Road – HDV91 g/tkm Container traffic: - Maritime25 g/tkm - Rail23 g/tkm

24. 24 CO 2 conclusions EU wants a ”blueprint” for CO 2 reduction from maritime transport Strong EU support for development of market based approaches –Operator level emission trading –CO 2 charge EU also looking at design standards and operational indexing The CO 2 story

25. 25