Benchmark #1 Review Questions

People, Terms, Places, or Ideas Monarchy – rule by King or Queen; rule by royalty Democracy – rule by many; government by the people Oligarchy – rule of the few; small group of people control govt. Anarchy – absence of government; state of disorder Divine Right of Rule – king gets authority from God; to oppose the king is to oppose God

Judeo-Christian – two religions; know the similarities and differences Adam Smith & Wealth of Nations – free market based on competition is best John Locke – natural rights Declaration of Independence – issued by the colonists; wanted independence from King/Great Britain Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen – influenced by the Declaration of Independence; equality of man; rights and laws

Tennis Court Oath – organized by French citizens of the 3rd estate and National Convention; agreed to come up with a Constitution Maximilien Robespierre – revolutionary during the Reign of Terror

1. What are the 12 Tables? 1st code of laws; created in Rome; influenced later laws established ideas of equality – no citizen better than another

2. What are the 10 Commandments? Originated from Jews/Christians from Judeo-Christian religious traditions; both 12 tables and 10 commandments basis for foundation of modern laws

3. What contributions did Rome make to modern law making bodies Idea of the republic, senate, assemblies

Plato in this Republic writing 4. Which philosopher talked about the idea that philosophers would make better kings? Plato in this Republic writing

Early written laws, senate, republic 5. What democratic ideas did Ancient Rome contribute to modern society? Early written laws, senate, republic

6. Which reformer said that any Christian could read the Bible and understand God’s message? Martin Luther

7. How did Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment thinkers? Natural laws influence human society and thought

Religion – conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants 8. What were the contributing factors of conflict that influenced the English Civil War? Religion – conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants Parliament and Monarchy – breakdown between these two groups

9. What made the Glorious Revolution glorious? Introduces the idea that kings aren’t supreme power; king must bow to representative body

Both revolutions favored representative government 10. How were the American Revolution and the French Revolution similar? Both revolutions favored representative government

11. What was the French Revolution 11. What was the French Revolution? What factors contributed to the revolution? 3rd estate wanting better representation; equal taxation for rich and poor; Enlightenment, debt, poor leadership of monarchy

Declaration of Independence 12. Which document influenced the writing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man? Declaration of Independence

13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte 13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? What positive advancements did he make to France? Military genius who would help France make many advancements – church reform, taxation reform, public schools

14. What was the Continental System? Blockade of England/Great Britain – was unsuccessful caused other nations to suffer, those nations were allies or dependent states of France.

15. Why was Napoleon unsuccessful in his invasion of Russia? Scorched earth policy – Russia led French troops into Russia; they had no food/supplies, French had to retreat

Used to kill quickly and humanely 16. What did the guillotine come to symbolize during the French Revolution? Used to kill quickly and humanely Equality – killed everyone the same way – rich or poor

17. Who was Robespierre? Which group of revolutionaries did he lead? Revolutionary leader was a member of the National Convention, leader of the Committee of Public Safety

18. What was the Social Contract? Between people and their government. Government provides protection to the people, in turn people provide their support to the government

19. Why were William and Mary successful as monarchs in England? Because they were willing to listen to the people/parliament and adopt the English Bill of Rights; not a traditional monarchy

20. Who was Voltaire? Explain his ideas of Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinker. Believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion