The Rise of Totalitarianism A dictator is a ruler with unrestricted power who has no democratic restrictions. A totalitarian philosophy is one that puts the state above all else Thus a Totalitarian State is a dictatorship where the government uses violence, intimidation, and a police force to control all aspects of life

FASCIST LEADER OF GERMNAY FASCIST LEADER OF ITALY THE RISE OF FASCISM ADOLF HITLER FASCIST LEADER OF GERMNAY BENITO MUSSOLINI FASCIST LEADER OF ITALY

What is Fascism? Is a form of government Believed in a Totalitarian nation Against DEMOCRACY Against COMMUNISM Believed in EXTREME NATIONALISM Believed in EXTREME MILITARISM

FASCISM—The Ideas Against Democracy: Thought Democracy was too slow—the whole voting thing takes way too long! Totalitarian State: Wanted one smart & strong leader! Most efficient form of government; one leader with one voice. Extreme Nationalism & Militarism: Exaggerated accomplishments of nation; held military as true might of nations power! Against Communism: Thought a nation full “working class” people caused Nationalism to weaken.

CAUSES OF FASCISM Great Depression: Economic problems, inflation, affect Italy & Germany. Fear of Communism: Peasants began to mimic Russia’s revolution; rich business join Fascist party to keep business. Appeal to Nationalism: Italy & Germany felt embarrassed after WW I; wanted rebuild strong nation! Lack of government: Treaty of Versailles forced Italy & Germany to have new gov.—they wanted their own (more nationalism)

Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator Black Tuesday 1929 - stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depression during 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

Nazi Controls

Hideki Tojo Country: Japan Type of Government: Militarism Goals and Ideas: Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of the government Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials – how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (the League of Nations did nothing) Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan Hirohito, Emperor of Japan