Chinese Foreign Policy Dr. Yeh-chung Lu Assistant Professor Dept. of Diplomacy

The Evolution of China’s Security and Diplomatic Strategy IR theories and the study of Chinese foreign policy Security environment and Chinese strategy Contemporary Chinese foreign policy Guiding principles in Chinese foreign policy

I. IR theories and the study of Chinese foreign policy Three levels of anlaysis: International system Domestic politics Individual

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning The Major Factors Affecting Foreign Policy Decision and International Relations: Influences at Three Levels Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning 5

II. Security environment and Chinese strategy China’s security environment is conditioned by: A long and in many places vulnerable border; The presence of many potential threats, both nearby and distant; A domestic political system marked by high levels of elite internecine conflict at apex and weak institutions or processes for mediating and resolving such conflict; A great power self-image.

China and neighboring countries:

Nomadic tribes and China’s security During the imperial times, especially since the Song Dynasty (BC 960-1279), the superior-inferior relationships between China and bordering countries had contributed to the maintenance of peace ans stability

However, regardless of dynasty transitions within China, this superior-inferior mentality was put to an end by the Opium War of the 1840s. “A hundred years of humiliation” mentality The establishment of People’s Republic of China

Tiananmen, October 1, 1949

III. Contemporary Chinese foreign policy What do you think about China’s national anthem? What are the driving force behind China’s international behavior?

IV. Guiding principles in Chinese foreign policy “What’s in a name?” vs. “Everything must have a proper name” Survival: “Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence” (1954): Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, Mutual non-aggression, Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, Equality and mutual benefit, and Peaceful co-existence.

Civil-Military relations: Mao Zedong: “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. Our principle is that the Party commands the gun, and the gun will never be allowed to command the Party.”

Economic development: Deng Xiaoping’s “Four Cardinal Principles” (1979): the principle of upholding the socialist path; the principle of upholding the people's democratic dictatorship; the principle of upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the principle of upholding Marxist-Leninist-Mao Zedong thought.