Section Sec 7.2 Cell Structure Unit 3 Section Sec 7.2 Cell Structure
Animal and Plant Cells Have More Similarities Than Differences
1. Cell Membrane Cell Membrane: Boundary of every cell Controls what enters and leaves cell through selective permeability Boundary of every cell
a. Membrane Lipids Phospholipid bilayer: Polar hydrophilic head Nonpolar hydrophobic tail
Cell Membrane
c. Fluid Mosaic Model Phospholipid bilayer acts more like a fluid than a solid
2. Cell Wall Only located in plant cells Surrounds ____________ Functions:
A Consequence of Cell Walls – the Great Strength of Woody Plants
3. Nucleus Functions: Store Nuclear Membrane: double membrane barrier enclosing nucleus Chromatin: carries ______, coils together to form chromosomes
The Nucleus Think of the nucleus as the cell’s control center. Two meters of human DNA fits into a nucleus that’s 0.000005 meters across.
4. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: entire region between nucleus and cell membrane Contains cytosol:
Cellular Anatomy We’ll start by seeing what role these parts play in making and moving proteins.
1. Mitochondria 1. Mitochondria: ________________ Site of Cellular Respiration: Cristae: inner membrane to increase surface area for reactions
The Mitochondrion Think of the mitochondrion as the powerhouse of the cell. Both plant and animal cells contain many mitochondria. (Mitochondria is the plural of mitochondrion)
The Mitochondrion A class of diseases that causes muscle weakness and neurological disorders are due to malfunctioning mitochondria. Worn out mitochondria may be an important factor in aging.
2. Ribosomes Ribosomes: Site of ______ Synthesis Made of ribosomal RNA and proteins
Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) -Like a highway, transporting material from one part to another Rough ER: Produces components of CM Smooth ER: make lipids, metabolize carbs., breakdown drugs and poisons
4. Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus: Products of the ER are sent over, modified, stored, and sent out in vesicles
The Golgi Apparatus (or Complex) Think of the Golgi apparatus as a busy airport receiving passengers (proteins) and sending them to their destinations.
5. Lysosomes Lysosomes: Using enzymes and Hydrolysis, they digest macromolecules like proteins and carbohydrates Video
The Lysosome Functions: Digesting food or cellular invaders Recycling cellular components Cell suicide (suicide is bad for cells, but good for us!) (The lysosome is not found in plant cells)
The Lysosome This bacterium about to be eaten by an immune system cell will spend the last minutes of its existence within a lysosome.
6. Vacuoles Vacuoles: storage and waste control
Two Other Unique Features of Plant Cells The central vacuole may occupy 90% of a plant cell.
7. Cytoskeleton 7. Cytoskeleton: Gives __________ and maintains shape of cell Can adjust for movement
Cytoskeleton
A Cytoskeleton Gallery
The Cytoskeleton An animal cell cytoskeleton The name is misleading. The cytoskeleton is the skeleton of the cell, but it’s also like the muscular system, able to change the shape of cells in a flash.
8. Cilia and Flagella Cilia and Flagella: extend from cells used to propel organism Cilia: a large number of short hair-like extensions Flagella: smaller in number and longer in length
Cilia on a protozoan. Beating sperm tail at fertilization.
9. Chloroplast Site for photosynthesis
The Chloroplast Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of the plant cell. Only plants have chloroplasts, but animals reap the benefits too.
Cells In a Leaf
10. Centrioles Centrioles: Assist the cell in movement of chromosomes during cell reproduction
Ticket out the Door: Write the questions and answers Identify and describe 2 parts of the cell that present in a plant cell but not an animal cell? What do ribosomes do? What is the nucleus surrounded by?