1.
Cell Organelles
United Streaming – Intro to Cells – 21 mins

3. Cell Membrane
All living cells must maintain a balance (homeostasis) regardless of internal and external conditions.

4. Cell Membrane
a.k.a. plasma membrane is the boundary between the cell and it’s environment.
it regulates what passes into and out of the cell.
some substances easily cross the membrane, while others cannot cross at all.  For this reason, the cell membrane is said to be "Selectively Permeable”

5. Lipid bilayer mostly made of phospholipid molecules
phospholipids are a lipid that consists of 2 fatty acid (tails), and phosphate group (heads).

6. The phosphate head is hydrophilic meaning “water loving".  
The lipid tails are hydrophobic meaning “water –fearing”.

7. Cells are bathed in aqueous, or watery, environment
Cells are bathed in aqueous, or watery, environment.  Since the inside of a cell is also an aqueous environment, both sides of the cell membrane are surrounded by water molecules. 
These water molecules cause the phospholipids of the cell membrane to form two layers.

9. Fluid Mosaic Model
proteins in membranes help to move material into and out of the cell.
cholesterol – decreases the movement of phospholipids

10. Nucleus
surrounded by a double layer membrane called the nuclear envelope.
- has pores which allows things to enter and leave the nucleus
control center of the cell - controls all cellular activity

11. Nucleolus Organelle within nucleus
contains DNA, in the form of long strands called chromatin. (chromatin coils to form chromosomes)
DNA genetic information - and direction for making proteins
site of ribosome synthesis

12. Organelles All cells contain specialized structures called organelles.
Each organelle has a specific function in the cell.
Many (but not all) organelles are surrounded by their own membrane

13. Ribosomes site of protein synthesis
Not bound by a membrane
site of protein synthesis
exist floating freely in the cytoplasm or bound to rough ER

14. Ribosomes floating in the cytosol , make proteins that will be used within the cell

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER
ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear membrane
functions primarily as an intracellular highway, a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

16. Rough ER
Rough ER – has ribosomes attached to its surface
Proteins made by the ribosomes attached to the rough ER are trasported out of the cell, or become part of the cell membrane

18. Smooth ER no ribosomes attached
Synthesizes lipids and steroids (hormones)
detoxifies drugs

19. Golgi Apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER
sorts, modifies and repackage these molecules for transport the cell membrane or secretion from the cell.
vacuoles – storage units

20. Lysosomes membrane bound sacs contain digestive enzymes (proteins)
site of food digestion

21. Cytoplasm Cytosol + organelles
Cytosol - is the internal fluid of the cell
contains various organelles as well as salts, dissolved gasses and nutrients.

22. Mitochondria the cell's power producers site of cellular respiration
contain ribosomes and DNA

23. Centrioles plays an important role in cell division
made up of microtubules
not found in plants

24. Cilia and Flagella
cilia - hairlike organelles that extend from the surface of the cell
flagella – whip like structure
assist in movement

26. Unique Features of Plant Cells
cell wall – supports and protects the plant.
Central vacuoles – 1 large vacuole in plant cells; pump out excess water

27. Chloroplast make or store food; process of photosynthesis
like mitochondria that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA and ribosomes

28. Endomembrane prtotein system
Vesicle Budding and Fusing
Lysosomes – (copy and paste)
The evolution of organelles