In the 1920s land and water issues were very important in Utah. Government wanted to protect natural land Built dams and created national parks & monuments First in the nation: Yellowstone National Park

Utahs 1 st national monument: Natural Bridges National Monument, built in 1908 Utahs 1 st national park: Zion National Park, built in 1918

Newest is the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument opened in 1996

Cause: Assassination of Austrian Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian Austria declares war on Serbia Alliances ( ally) bring other countries into the conflict

Utahns were aware of the activity of German U-boats Firing torpedoes into American merchant ships. Germany is an ENEMY now! Woodrow Wilson declared war in 1917 Utahns support the war. Utah residents planted victory gardens and supported food conservation wheatless Mondays and meatless Tuesdays Bought liberty bondsa loan to the government. Trench Warfare

After WWI, life began to get a lot better. More jobs and money to buy new inventions. Remembered as womens short skirts and short hair, fancy clothes and a dance called the Charleston. Jazz comes to Utah. Utahs first radio station, KZN, now KSL began.

Financial panic on Wall StreetNew York City stock market crash on October 29 th, known as Black Tuesday. Largest selling day of stock. Too many people selling and not enough people buying, prices dropped quickly. Mad rush to get money out of banks. Banks go broke. Everyone was affected. No jobs, no money, and not enough food.

Depression: A period during which business, employment, and stock market values remain at a low level of activity. Bankrupt: A state of being unable to satisfy financial obligations. The Depression lasted until 1941 Utah and the nation faced economic hard times Cause may have been overproduction of goods and bank failures Too many people had borrowed money

Utah was hit hard by the Great Depression. High unemployment rate Unemployment rate: The percentage of the workforce that is not working at any given date. Uintah and Duchesne counties had 75% unemployment In 1932 one in every three people in Utah was out of work – average yearly income per Utahn was only $275

People had to make the most of what they had. Learned to appreciate work and how to be self-sufficient. Many out-of-work men went on the road to find jobs. Went door to door for food and jobs. Women also searched for jobs. They were treated very unequallypaid less for the same job. Drought in 1934 made farming difficult BUT, Utah recovered faster than rest of the country

Pres. Roosevelt creates WPA: Work Project Administration. Hoover Dam, other jobs for musicians, artists, etc. World War II Men needed for the army. Women needed for other jobs.

Depression Prices vs. today

People in Utah were dealing with the depression while countries in Europe and Asia were fighting for power and control of land. Germany, under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler wanted to become a world power. Invaded many countries - Poland, France, and Russia Bombed Great Britain Persecuted Jews, put them in concentration camps & killed them

War happening in Asia too Japan wanted to expand its empire - invaded Manchuria & China U.S. objected to the takeover of free people Stopped trading oil w/ Japan

Germany and Japan were both trying to take over other countries. America didnt agree with this but also didnt want to get involved. Isolationism Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was bombed Dec. 7, 1941 and many Americans were killed. U.S. declared war on Japan. A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

War brought the country out of the depression. Provided jobs for many Got the economy going again One year after U.S. joined the war, Utah reached full employment Defense plants & training centers in Utah Utahns went to war, died in battle Thousands of lives disrupted

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor there was discrimination against Japanese Americans HOMEWORK: Read the Topaz Relocation Camp page in your packet and answer the questions.

Japan and the U.S. used codes to keep secrets. What language do you think they used? Many Navajos from Utah and Arizona volunteered for the Marine Corps and discovered the advantages of the Navajo language. Different from any Asian or European language. Group of Navajos were sent to the Pacific to act as code talkers. They used birds, fish, and other animals to serve as different military terms. The Japanese were so confused. Total of 350 Navajo Code Talkers