Superpowers Form Rival Alliances

Objective: Students will explore the various alliances created during the Cold War and detail their purpose as measured through their Cornell notes, reading analysis, QW, and exit slip.

Setting the Stage When WWII was won, it lead to the creation of the United Nations in June 1945 U.S. relations worsen in 1946 and 1947 Differing Goals Communism vs. Democracy

United Nations An international organization that was intended to protect it’s members against aggression Base was located in New York Five permanent members included Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union

Opposing Goals President Truman adopted a foreign policy called Containment 1949 10 western European nations joined forces with the United States and Canada to form a defensive military alliance called NATO

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization An attack on any NATO member would be met with armed force by all member nations

Warsaw Pact The Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat and formed it’s own alliance in 1955 (the Warsaw pact) An alliance that included the Soviet Union and most of Eastern Europe An alliance formed to compete against NATO

Justify Think Pair Share What was Truman’s policy of containment? In what ways was it implemented? Bring in specific examples.

Crisis in Cuba Throughout the 1950s, U.S. supported a revolution to overthrow dictator Fulgencio Batista U.S. helped Fidel Castro to lead his revolution in Cuba Batista gets overthrown and Castro promises to restore democracy in Cuba

Fidel Castro Castro eventually becomes a harsh dictator suspended elections Jailed and executed opponents Castro took over U.S. sugar mills and oil refineries in Cuba President Eisenhower became furious and relationship with Cuba deteriorated Castro turned to the Soviet Union for aid and became a communist country

The Bay of Pigs 1960 – John F. Kennedy becomes the new President Informed by the CIA that the U.S. have been training Cuban exiles (1,700) to lead a revolution against Castro Kennedy approves the invasion, but it fails The 1,700 Cuban exiles never reached Cuba American Commandos surrounded by 25,000 Cubans

The Bay of Pigs Kennedy is embarrassed due to the failed mission Spent 54 million dollars to free the captured commandos and the U.S. is humiliated

The Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev (the new dictator of the Soviets) secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba American spy planes discover these nuclear missiles The missiles were in firing range of the U.S. Kennedy will follow through with the policy of brinksmanship

The Cuban Missile Crisis Kennedy demanded that the Soviets remove the 42 missiles or he will fire nuclear missiles at Cuba People feared that this standoff will start nuclear war Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles if the U.S. promises not to invade Cuba and to remove their missiles from Turkey (firing range on the Soviets)

Justify Think Pair Share How was the Cuban Missile Crisis an example of brinksmanship? Did you agree with the way Kennedy handled the situation? Explain.