THE COLD WAR Chapter 32-1

THE EAST-WEST SPLIT IRON CURTAIN

THE IRON CURTAIN The phrase “Iron Curtain” referred to the Soviet-made barrier that split Europe into Non-Communist Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

CONTAINING COMMUNISM 1947: the U.S. developed a new foreign policy called Containment to stop the spread of communism 1947: Truman Doctrine: Truman asked Congress for a $400 million aid program for Greece and Turkey

Turkey Greece

CONTAINING COMMUNISM 1947: The Marshall Plan was approved by the U.S. to provide aid to Western European nations. By 1951 the U.S. had spent $13 Billion. The plan was a success.

THE MARSHALL PLAN AT WORK

GERMANY DIVIDED In 1945, Germany had been divided into Four Zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the U.S. and the Soviet Union The city of Berlin, deep within the Soviet Zone, was also divided into four sectors

Notice in which Zone Berlin is located

GERMANY DIVIDED Western Allies and Soviets could not reach agreement on a final peace treaty for Germany 1948: Soviets blocked land access from the West into West Berlin, so Western countries airlifted needed supplies to the city The success of the airlift finally forced the Soviets to lift the blockade in May 1949

                                                                 

                                                                  9,000,000 lbs. of food per day 11 months 24/7 4,500 tons of food per day $ 3 billion

GERMANY DIVIDED That same month, the Western Allies went ahead with their plans for form an independent West German State The Soviets then set up East Germany

NEW ALLIANCES April 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as an alliance system against Soviet aggression 1955: Soviet Union and it’s Eastern European allies signed a military agreement called the Warsaw Pact

NATO COUNTRIES

Warsaw Pact Countries