SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed our world view of Europeans.

SCIENTIFIC REVOULTION: Reasons: Renaissance Change in how people think about the world around them Age of Exploration New studies in astronomy and mathematics (that had been used for navigation) leads people to ask questions about the universe.

SCIENTIST DISCOVERY IMPACT COPERNICUS GALILEO KEPLER NEWTON

COPERNICUS (POLAND): DISCOVERY: IMPACT: Heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe Earth: just one of the planets that revolve around the sun Rejected by most because if proven right, all human knowledge could be questioned

GALILEO (ITALY): DISCOVERY: IMAPCT: Astronomical telescope Observed the 4 moons of Jupiter moved around the planet—exactly like Copernicus said the Earth moved around the Sun. Caused an uproar—contradicted ancient views about the world. Church condemned him—challenged Church teachings Kept under house arrest for the rest of his life

KEPLER (GERMANY): DISCOVERY: IMPACT: Calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun All planets do not move in a perfect circle, but in an oval- shaped orbit (ellipse) Supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory Proved that each planet moves in an oval-shaped orbit called an ellipse

NEWTON (ENGLAND): DISCOVERY: IMPACT: Laws of motion & mechanics Calculus Gravity force (single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun) Gravity (single force that keeps planets in orbits around the sun) Laws of motion Calculus

ENLIGHTENMENT: Created by Scientific Revolution Also known as the Age of Reason Belief that people could solve any problem by using reason and the Scientific Method. Special focus on individual rights and liberty. Completely changed the way that people looked at government

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER: FAMOUS PUBLICATION (BOOK): BELIEFS: LOCKE VOLTAIRE ROUSSEAU

LOCKE (ENGLAND): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS: Two Treatises of Government Helped to influence Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, & James Madison People were reasonable & normal Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) belonged to all humans from birth People formed gov. to protect natural rights Gov. had obligation to protect all citizens & if not, people could overthrow it

VOLTAIRE (FRANCE): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS: Philosophical Dictionary Inequality, injustice, & superstition Hated the slave trade

ROUSSEAU (FRANCE): FAMOUS PUBLICATION: BELIEFS: The Social Contract People are naturally good, but were corrupt by society (unequal distribution of property) Society placed too many limitations on people