Design Chapter 6 Photocopy

Vocabulary Emphasis – Variety – Tactile – Rhythm – Proportion – Unity –

Vocabulary Repetition – Harmony – Gradation – Transition – Radiation –

Elements and Principles of Design Space Line Shape & Form Texture Color Proportion & Scale Balance Symmetrical Asymmetrical Emphasis Rhythm Repetition Gradation Transition Radiation Harmony, Unity & Variety

Elements in Detail Space Line Specific area with a purpose Length & Width of object Provides privacy & security Small = exposed due to homes close together Large = loneliness because of empty space Gradual change in space is pleasing Line Vertical = tall, formal Lead eye up Horizontal = short, calm Leads eye side to side, widens the area Diagonal = action Use sparingly, can be overwhelming Curved = soft, graceful Too many can appear busy

Shape & Form Shape Form Flat image (2 dimensional) Starts and ends with line to form geometric shapes Geometric shapes can occur in nature in flowers, mountains, and animals Surface treatment can affect the appearance Shiny = reflections, smooth Textured = absorbs sound and light Form Outlined edges of a 3 dimensional object Furniture, wall hangings, etc. Furniture should relate to interior space of rooms May send a message about the room Small, thin forms = fragile, simple Large, bulky forms = stability

Texture & Color Texture Color The surface quality of an object May be actual or perceived tactile quality Can affect color greatly Find a balance between too many different textures or too much of the same texture. Color The MOST important element in design See chapter 7

Proportion and Scale Proportion Scale Ratio of how one part relates to the whole Uneven ratios are more appealing than even ones Golden Section (Mean) Smaller portion to larger portion & larger portion to whole 3:5 ratio is most pleasing Discovered by Greeks Uneven proportions = negative feelings about design/object Size of object in relation to a familiar size Tall people, Short people = different scales Large rooms need large objects Actual size and visual size may not be in agreement Chair with large pattern

Balance & Emphasis Balance Emphasis Formal/Symmetrical Exact on either side of dividing line Informal/Asymmetrical Appears equal on each side “visual balance” but not exact Formal balance is easiest to see Informal balance has more creativity and appeal Center point Single item or many smaller items that create the feeling of a large item. Ex. Group of many picture frames on large wall

Rhythm Leads viewer from one point to another Repetition: same color, line or texture used Gradation: gradual change in size, visual weight, or color of objects Transition: line that connects objects that may not be physically connected Radiation: lines moving outward from a central point

Leftovers Designs should not interfere with the function of the room Elements and principles work together to create feelings of harmony, variety and unity in design Accessories used should reflect personality of inhabitants Functional Accessories = lamps, clocks, etc. Decorative Accessories = plants, wall hangings, etc.