Metamorphic Rocks & Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks – What happens? The texture or composition of a rock can change when the surroundings change. When temperature or pressure changes, the rock undergoes metamorphism. It must be very hot and deep in the ground for metamorphism to take place.

Types of Metamorphism Contact Metamorphism – mineral composition and texture of rock are changed by exposure to the pressure and extreme temperature associated with a body of intruding magma. Regional Metamorphism - the mineral composition and texture of rocks are changed over a wide area by deep burial and heating associated with the large-scale forces of plate tectonics.

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Foliated – the texture of metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are in planes or bands. Nonfoliated – the texture of metamorphic rock where he mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

How are sedimentary rocks formed? These rocks are formed from sediment. Sediment is small pieces of rock, sand, bone, and anything else you may find in the ground. When sediment is compressed and compacted, it can turn into a sedimentary rock. Strata is a noticeable part of sedimentary rock. These are the layers you see. Stratification is the process where sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral like calcite or quartz. Sandstone, conglomerate, shale. Chemical – Forms from solutions of dissolved mineral and water. Dissolved material crystallizes and forms the minerals that make up these rocks. Halite is an example Organic – Coal and limestone are examples. Made of pieces of once living organisms.

Examples of Clastic Rocks

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