1. Igneous Rock Forms when molten rock (magma/lava) cools and hardens
Cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface = intrusive
Cools rapidly on the surface = extrusive
Intrusive rocks usually have large, visible grains
Extrusive rocks usually have small to no visible grains
Color is based on the amount of silica in the magma

2. How Igneous Rocks are Formed

3. Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Igneous Rocks

4. Sedimentary Rocks
Forms from the compaction and cementation of rock pieces, mineral grains, or organic matter called sediments
Can contain fossils
Sediments are formed through the process of weathering and erosion of exposed rocks.
Strata are layers of rock, or sometimes soil

5. 3 kinds:
Clastic = made of mineral or rock pieces (shale; conglomerate; sandstone; Breccia)
Organic = made from plant or animal remains (coal; coquina; some limestones)
Chemical = made from dissolved minerals in water (halite; other limestones)

6. Sedimentary Rocks

7. Metamorphic Rock
Forms when rocks are changed into different kinds of rocks by great heat and pressure
They are heated, squeezed, folded, or changed by contact with hot magma.
2 kinds:
foliated = grains are in bands
nonfoliated = no banding

8. Metamorphic Rocks