1. Rocks

2. 3 Types of Rocks
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous

3. Sedimentary
Small, Solid pieces of material that comes from rock or living things
Formed through a series of processes
Erosion-particles carried away by water, wind, ice
Deposition- process which sediment settles
Compaction-
pressing of sediments together
Thick layers build and press down on layers under them
The weight compacts the layers tightly together
Cementation-
dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together
Dissolved minerals seep into spaces between particles and harden

4. 3 types of sedimentary rocks
Clastic
-rock fragments squeezed together
Grouped by size of rock fragments of which they’re made
Ex) shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Organic-
Forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Ex) coal and limestone
Chemical
Formed when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize
Ex) rock and salt

5. Sedimentary Rocks
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. Sedimentary Rocks can have…..
Impressions of:
Ripples
Raindrops
This is because, many times, rocks are carried by water and wind downstream then deposited where compression and cementation occurs. Over time, they form layers and make sedimentary rock.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. Metamorphic Means “change shape”
Rocks where structure, texture, or rock have changed
Happens deep within Earth

8. Textures of Metamorphic Rock
Foliated
Mineral grains arranged in planes (slate) or bands (gneiss)/aligned
The amount of heat and pressure applied to the rock determines which foliated rock it changes or “morphs” into.
Ex) slate can become phyllite and then change again into schist
Non-foliated
Not arranged in planes or bands/minerals not aligned
Made of only one or a few minerals
Crystals may change in size or composition under heat and pressure (rechrystallization)

9. Foliated metamorphic rock
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

10. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

11. Metamorphic Rock Structures
Metamorphic rock, like sedimentary and igneous, has features that show its history. For a metamorphic rock, it’s called “deformation”.
Deformation is the change in rock caused by the force placed on it.
Squeezed or stretched
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

12. Igneous “fire” Classified according to Origin Texture
Mineral composition
Forms on OR beneath Earth’s surface

13. Igneous (continued)
Extrusive (formed from lava erupted onto Earth’s surface)
Intrusive (formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface)
Ex) granite
Texture is dependent on size and shape of its minerals in its make up

14. Igneous (continued)
Lava that cools rapidly forms fine grained igneous rock with SMALL crystals
extrusive
Magma that cools slowly forms course grained rock with LARGE crystals
intrusive

15. Lava VS Magma
Think of lava as OUTside the Earth’s surface and magma as INside the Earth.
Lava that is low in silica forms dark colored rocks (extrusive)
Magma that is high in silica forms light colored rocks (intrusive)

16. Igneous Rock This Photo by Unknown
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA