Conquest and Colonies Chapter 16 Section 2

Encomienda System

  Cruelty of the Spanish Encomienda System on a Sugar Plantation, Santo Domingo

Hernan Cortes Conquistador who led an expedition to Mexico that ended in the conquest of the Aztec Empire

Moctezuma II Cortes was able to use Native Americans that resented the Aztecs to conquer their empire Guns, horses and disease also helped the Spanish

Aztec Empire conquered by Cortes

Francisco Pizarro 10 years after Cortes captured the Aztec Empire he went after the Incan Empire because of their wealth

Peru Small pox had weakened the Incan Empire Atahualpa was the new ruler after a civil war and Pizarro demanded he accept Christianity and turn all his empire over to the Spanish

Atahualpa gives Pizarro a huge fortune of gold and silver Spanish army killed him and went south to the Incan capital at Cuzco They took over the empire

Life in the Spanish Empire Spain had control of a huge empire in the Americas Viceroys-officials chosen by the Spanish king to rule large areas in the Americas

Economy 1. Mining of gold and silver 2. Farming with Native American workers Native American Populations dropped from 50 million to 4 million Bartolome de Las Casas-replace labor with imported Africans

The Portuguese in Brazil Not as large as the Spanish Empire Why????-Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 with Spain Imaginary line drawn in the Atlantic and everything to the west went to Spain and the east went to Portugal

French colonies in America Set up their colonies in New France or what is now Canada Didn’t find gold like the Spanish but found fish and furs Didn’t send many colonists

French and Native Americans French did not enslave them French and Native American’s traded with each other French traders married Native American women

Samuel de Champlain Rene-Robert La Salle Founded the city of Quebec in 1608 Sailed down the Mississippi River in 1682 Claimed the fertile land for France and named it Louisiana

Dutch Colonization

The Dutch Settled along the Hudson River in New York Founded the city of New Amsterdam which later became New York City Settlement remained small because the Dutch were focused on their other settlement

English Colonies Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620