Chemical Compounds Chapter 10.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Compounds Chapter 10

Section 1; Ionic and Covalent Compounds Compound – A pure substance made from 2 OR more different elements. Ionic Compound – A compound made of oppositely charged ions. Covalent Compound – A compound that is formed by sharing electrons. Chemical bond – 2 elements are held together by the outer electrons of both elements.

Ionic Compounds

Properties of Ionic Compounds Brittleness High Melting Points High Water Solubility High Electrical Conductivity

These large crystals are very breakable. (Brittle)

High Melting Points Potassium dichromate has a melting point of 398 ⁰ C. This material will turn into a liquid at 398⁰ C.

Ionic Compounds are Soluble in water.

Covalent Compounds Low Melting Points Low Electrical Conductivity Some are Soluble in water, Some are not.

Chocolate has a low melting point.

Sugar is a Covalent Compound. Sugar water has low conductivity.

Acids and Bases Acids are any compound that increases the number of hydronium H+ ions when dissolved in water. Bases are any compound that increases the number of Hydroxide OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Acids have a sour taste. Warning: “Never Taste Lab Chemicals”

Bases have a bitter taste. Warning: “Never Taste Lab Chemicals.”

Acids and Bases are listed on the pH Scale.

Review What are some strong acids? What are some strong bases? What are some weak acids? What are some weak bases? How are acids used? How are bases used?

Testing for Acids and Bases. Bromthymol Blue turns from blue to yellow when it is mixed with an acid.

Bromthymol Blue will turn dark blue in a base.

More bases

What happens when a strong acid is mixed with a strong base? Answer: A neutralization reaction will occur. Example: HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Neutralization Reaction: The reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt.

Salts have many uses… They can decrease the melting temperature of ice.