Nationalism And Imperialism

Nationalism Unification of Germany: Led by Prussia Otto von Bismarck – Prime Minister under Wilhelm I Policy of Realpolitik: Tough power politics - no idealism Issues not decided by resolutions, but by “blood and iron” Allowed him to expand Prussia & achieve dominance

Nationalism Unification of Italy: Led by Sardinia Camillo di Cavour – Prime Minister under Victor Emmanuel II Worked to expand Sardinian Empire Succeeded through war, alliances, & help of nationalist rebels Unified Italy in process

Germany & Italy - Similarities Leaders were aristocrats Nations united by nationalism One state led unification

Forces of Imperialism Motives: Economic competition for markets & raw materials National pride Racism “White Man’s Burden” Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go send your sons to exile To serve your captives' need To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child Take up the White Man’s burden In patience to abide To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple An hundred times made plain To seek another’s profit And work another’s gain And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better The hate of those ye guard— The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah slowly) to the light: "Why brought ye us from bondage, “Our loved Egyptian night?” Take up the White Man’s burden- Have done with childish days- The lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers!

Forces of Imperialism Technological Advantages over Africa: Superior weapons Railroads, cables, steamships Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria

Forces of Imperialism Factors Making Africa Vulnerable: Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures Ethnic rivalries Lower level of technology, including weapons

Division of Africa Berlin Conference of 1884 & 1885: Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries Outcomes: Random distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups among European nations Transformation of the way of life of Africans

“From Cairo to Cape Town”

French Control of Indochina How Brought Under Control: Missionaries were killed French army invaded Vietnam Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

French Control of Indochina Method of Control: Direct control French themselves filled all important positions in gov’t

French Control of Indochina Economic Policies: Discouraged local industry Rice became major export crop

French Control of Indochina Colonial Impact: Imposed French culture All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models ↓ of local industries Less food for peasants

Effects of Imperialism Colonization: Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Effects of Imperialism Colonial Economics: Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

Effects of Imperialism Christianization: Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia