Notes 3- Macromolecules

Review of Terms Molecule Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds Macromolecule Large polymer made of repeating monomer units Four types of macromolecules are important in living systems.

MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE Found in all living things Building blocks made up of the atoms: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur There are 4 important types: Carbohydrates  C, H, & O Lipids  C, H, & O Nucleic Acids  C, H, O, N, & P Proteins  C, H, O, N, & S

1. Carbohydrates Built with: sugars Function: Provide energy and structural support Foods: breads, cereals, vegetables, fruits, & seeds

2.Lipids/Fats Built with: fatty acids Functions: provides energy & structure, cushions the body, and prevents heat loss Found in butter, margarine, candy

Saturated Fats has lots of hydrogen solid at room temperature (beef, pork, chicken, dairy) found in animal products  can clog blood vessels!

Unsaturated Fats Liquid at room temperature (oils, nuts, & seeds) found in plant products Healthier for you!

3. Nucleic Acids Atoms: C, H, O, N, P There are two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) Function: DNA directs & controls all activities of all cells in an organism – RNA helps

DNA –DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DNA is the hereditary material passed on from parents to offspring. It’s your “genes” Structure: double-stranded

RNA- Ribonucleic Acid RNA helps the DNA Structure: single-stranded

4. Proteins Atoms: C, H, O, N, P, S Built of: amino acids Function: Provide energy & structure, repairs body tissues Some are hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters, etc.