Republicans used this fear to revive party Cold War at Home Main Idea: The Cold War made it difficult for Truman to continue economics of the New Deal & led to fears of Communist Subversion Republicans used this fear to revive party
Red Scare Americans begin to fear that Soviets are infiltrating our government Sept 1945 Igor Gouzenko - Defects to Canada, shares soviets goals to place spies in Canada and USA
Government Response Loyalty Review Program Screen all Federal Employees House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC) Hold public hearings, out Communist & sympathizers Government actions only create more fear
Soviet Spies Alger Hiss – Lawyer, government official 1948 Whittaker Chambers (former Communist) accuses Hiss of being spy, Hiss convicted in 1950 of Perjury
Soviet Spies 1949 USSR successfully tests Atomic bomb, amps up fear of spies Julius & Ethel Rosenberg (1953) executed for selling Atomic secrets to Soviets Most doubt Ethel involvement but Project Verona released in 1995 show Julius involvement Verona – cracked Soviet code in 1946 Hysteria over finding spies, almost all professions know require oath
McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy says has list of 205 Communist in government Never produces list but fear is so real everyone believes Becomes Chairman Subcommittee, creates witch hunt for communists
Army-McCarthy Hearing McCarthy holds televised hearing questions if spies in the Army McCarthy comes of as a bully and liar Hearing is the end of McCarthyism, In 1954 McCarthy is censured (formal disapproval) by congress Dies disgraced and broke in 1957
Timeline of the Red Scare 1949: USSR A-Bomb China becomes Communist 1950’s McCarthyism 1945: Yalta & Potsdam