1. CHAPTER 26.3 The Cold War at Home

2. Fear of Communism Red Scare #2 March 1947, Federal Employee Loyalty Program Loyalty review board, are you loyal to government or not Found 91 “subversives” From 1947-1951 investigate 3.2 million, dismiss 212 as security risks 2,900 resign b/c don’t want to be investigated or in protest https://youtu.be/AWeZ5SKXvj8?list=PLb79l658DLrGUKjh7 6zU88o6pKK5Ahm5n https://youtu.be/AWeZ5SKXvj8?list=PLb79l658DLrGUKjh7 6zU88o6pKK5Ahm5n

3. HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee Goal: Created to locate and find Communists inside and outside the US gov. Investigated Communist influence in Hollywood (believed propaganda snuck into films) Subpoena 43 witnesses, 10 refuse to show up “Hollywood Ten” Were sent to prison for refusing to answer questions Result of investigation was blacklisting of 500 people McCarran Internal Security Act: makes it unlawful to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a dictatorship in the US HUAC Committee meeting https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=nJzV6-wJ3SQ

4. Alger Hiss 1948 former Communist spy, Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of spying for USSR Produces microfilm of government documents that he claimed had been typed by Hiss (“Pumpkin Papers”) Statute of limitations had passed but was convicted of perjury and sent to prison Hiss claimed he was innocent and papers were forged **Documents from USSR in 1990s seem to prove Hiss’s guilt**

5. The Rosenberg’s Sept 3, 1949, US learns USSR has an atomic bomb, able to make it faster than Americans had thought (very paranoid now) 1950- German physicist Klaus Fuchs admits to giving USSR information on US’s atomic bomb (implicates the Rosenberg’s, known Communists) Says that Ethel Rosenberg’s brother gave information about bomb to Julius who passed it to the USSR Charged with espionage, plead 5 th amendment in court, say being targeted because of their political and religious beliefs, found guilty, sentenced to death. Most thought they were innocent, case went to Supreme Court who upholds the decision, and they are electrocuted in 1953 **information later proves that Julius was guilty and Ethel most likely innocent of any crime**

6. McCarthyism Most famous anti-communist activist, Joseph McCarthy (Rep from Wis) Had reputation as being an ineffective Senator, needs an issue to win re-election picks Communism in US (1952)Claims to have a list of hundreds of Communists inside US government (never actually produces one name) 1954 makes accusations against communist in US Army, has publicly televised trial, seen as a bully with no proof, and really discredited Modern day witch hunt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LF_D up_Mbv0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LF_D up_Mbv0

7. Causes of McCarthyism Soviets successfully establish Communist regimes in Eastern Europe after WWII Soviets develop the atomic bomb more quickly than expected Korean War ends in a stalemate Republicans gain popularity by accusing Truman and the Democrats of being soft on Communism

8. The Effect of McCarthyism Millions of Americans are forced to take loyalty oaths and undergo loyalty investigations Activism by labor unions goes into decline Many people are afraid to speak out on public issues Anti-Communism continues to drive US foreign policy