Chapter 11 Biology Review Evolution of Populations Holt McDougal Biology

Question 1 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE. .

Answer 1 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE. (any 3 are acceptable) 1) Very large population 2) No gene flow 3) No mutations 4) Random mating 5) No natural selection

Q 2 2. TRUE OR FALSE Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST.   .

A 2 2. TRUE OR FALSE Most of the time in most populations the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL EXIST. TRUE

Q 3 . Write the name of the kind of selection shown under each graph shown below.

Answer 3A (Favors BOTH extremes) 3A) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION .

ANSWER 3B 3b) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION (Favors ONE extreme phenotype & shifts the graph to that direction)

Answer 3 C 3C) Stabilizing Selection Favors the Intermediate phenotype & squishes the graph towards the center.

Q 4 4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _________. A) small B) Very large

A 4 4. Genetic drift happens in populations that are _________. A) small B) Very large

Q 5 5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s _____________ ___________.

A 5 5. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up that population’s __gene pool .

Q 6 6.The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called ____________.

A 6 6.The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is called COEVOLUTION__.

Q 7 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of _______________ evolution. A) convergent B) divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution

A 7 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, such as when unrelated species adapt analogous structures due to similar environments, this is an example of _______________ evolution. A) convergent B) divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution

Q 8 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change. A) Gradualism B) Coevolution C) Punctuated Equilibrium D) Hardy Weinburg Theory  

A 8 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which there are bursts of evolutionary activity in spurts followed by periods of little evoluationary change. A) Gradualism B) Coevolution C) Punctuated Equilibrium D) Hardy Weinburg Theory

Q 9 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ? A) Mutation B) Nonrandom Mating C) Gene Flow D) Natural Selection  

A 9 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called what ? A) Mutation B) Nonrandom Mating C) Gene Flow D) Natural Selection   .

Q 10 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _________. A) are evolving B) are not evolving C) Both A & B D) Neither

A 10 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes populations that _________. A) are evolving B) are not evolving C) Both A & B D) Neither

Q 11 11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ____________evolution. A) Convergent B) Divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution E) None of above .  

A 11 11) When closely related species evolve in different directions by adapting to different environments, they become increasingly different through ____________evolution. A) Convergent B) Divergent C) Fluxuant D) Coevolution E) None of above .

Q 15 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________. A. punctuated equilibrium B. gradualism C. symbiosis D. mass extinction

A 15 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________. A. punctuated equilibrium B. gradualism C. symbiosis D. mass extinction

Q 16 A) Disruptive B) Directional C) Stabilizing 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection?   A) Disruptive B) Directional C) Stabilizing

A 16 A) Disruptive B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score) 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind of selection?   A) Disruptive B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score) C) Stabilizing

Q 17 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) ____________________. A) recombination B) Mutation C) Mutalation D) polygenic trait E) None of above  

A 17 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell is called a(n) ____________________. A) recombination B) Mutation C) Mutalation D) polygenic trait E) None of above

Q 18 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”.

A 18 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of chance”. TRUE

Q 19 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called A) Bottleneck effect B) Founder effect C) Natural Selection D) Stabiliizing selection  

A 19 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called A) Bottleneck effect B) Founder effect C) Natural Selection D) Stabiliizing selection

Q 20 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?

A 20 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES? - A group of similar organisms that can REPRODUCE to have FERTILE OFFSPRING.

Q 21 21) True or False: “ In natural selection, it is environmental changes that do the selecting”

A 21 TRUE

Q 22 22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ___________. A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation  

A 22 22) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called ___________. A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation

Q 23 23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population? A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation   .

A 23 23) What type of isolation exists when timing prevents reproduction between 2 population? A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation   .

Q 24 24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors? A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation   .

A 24 24) What type of isolation is caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors? A) Behavioral Isolation B) Temporal Isolation C) Geographic Isolation   .

Q 25 25) The formation of new species is called -__________________

A 25 25) The formation of new species is called Speciation.

Q 26 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, _____________________selection results. Stabilizing Directional C) Disruptive D) Normal distribution E) Fluxuant

A 26 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes narrower and the number of individuals with characteristics near the middle of the range increases, _____________________selection results. Stabilizing Directional C) Disruptive D) Normal distribution E) Fluxuant

Q 27 27) _________________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population. A) Gene Pool B) Genotype C) Allele Frequency D) Gene Frequency

A 27 27) _________________is a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population. A) Gene Pool B) Genotype C) Allele Frequency D) Gene Frequency

Q 28 28) Alternative versions of genes are called ____________________. A) Phenotypes B) Alleles C) Frequencies D) Mutations E) Fluxuants  

A 28 28) Alternative versions of genes are called ____________________. A) Phenotypes B) Alleles C) Frequencies D) Mutations E) Fluxuants

Q 29 29) ________________is favored during Stabilizing Selection? A) Both extreme phenotypes B) an Intermediate Phenotype C) one extreme of a trait’s range

A 29 29) ________________is favored during Stabilizing Selection? A) Both extreme phenotypes B) an Intermediate Phenotype C) one extreme of a trait’s range

Q 30 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as ___________________ A) Macroevolution B) Microevolution C)Coevolution

A 30 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s genes is known as ___________________ A) Macroevolution B) Microevolution C)Coevolution

Q31 31) _____________________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes. A) Directional B) natural C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Convergent

A 31 31) _____________________selection tends to eliminate one extreme in a range of phenotypes. A) Directional B) natural C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Convergent

Q 32 32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range? A) Directional B) normal distribution C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Natural    

A 32 32) In what type of distribution is the frequency the highest near the mean value & decreases toward each end of the range? A) Directional B) normal distribution C) Stabilizing D) Disruptive E) Natural