2. Chapter 11 Jeopardy 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 Genetic Variation & Natural Selection Other Mechanisms of Evolution Hardy-Weinberg & Speciation through Isolation Patterns in Evolution Chapter 10 Final Jeopardy

3. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? 2

4. Microevolution – evolution of a small population of organisms Macroevolution – evolution of an entire species world-wide 3

5. 4 What term refers to the measure of how common a certain allele occurs in a population?

6. 5 Allele Frequency

7. 6 What term refers to the combined alleles of all the members of a population?

8. 7 Gene Pool

9. 8 What are the two main sources of genetic variation in organisms?

10. 9 Mutations and recombination events during meiosis

11. 10 What types of selection are shown in the following figures?

12. 11 StabilizingDirectional Disruptive

13. 12 What term refers to the change in allele frequencies in a population over time?

14. 13 Genetic Drift

15. 14 The movement of genes from one population to another is called…

16. 15 Gene flow

17. 16 What are the two types of sexual selection? Provide an example of each type.

18. 17 Intrasexual – when two males compete for the chance to mate with a female (two deer bucking heads) Intersexual – when a male does something to impress a female for the purpose of mating (male feather displays for female birds)

19. What is the difference between the founder effect and the bottleneck effect? 18

20. 19 Founder Effect – genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area Bottleneck Effect – genetic drift that occurs after an event drastically reduces the size of a population

21. Sexual selection and natural selection are often at odds with each other. What is the difference between these forms of selection and how may they work in opposite ways on the body plans of organisms? 20

22. 21 Sexual selection – developing traits that increase mating success Natural selection – developing traits that increase survivability A trait that increases mating success may also reduce the chances that an organism may avoid predation

23. 22 What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation used to predict? p2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

24. 23 Genotype frequencies in a population

25. 24 When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it mean they are not….

26. 25 Evolving!!!

27. 26 Define Speciation

28. 27 The rise of two or more species from one existing species

29. 28 Which of the following scenarios must a population exhibit in order to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? 1.Lots of immigration & emigration 2.Some individuals have advantageous traits 3.High mutation rates 4.Extremely large population

30. 29 Extremely large population

31. 30 Speciation through isolation can occur due to 4 possible barriers. What are these 4 types of isolation?

32. 31 Reproductive Behavioral Geographic Temporal

33. 32 The elimination of a species from earth

34. 33 Extinction

35. 34 The process by which two species evolve as a response to each other is known as…

36. 35 Coevolution

37. 36 There is a pattern in the history of life. Bursts of evolutionary activity are followed by long periods of stability. This pattern is described by the theory of…….

38. 37 Punctuated equilibrium

39. 38 Define adaptive radiation

40. 39 The diversification of one ancestral species into many descendant species

41. 40 What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

42. 41 Convergent – evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated organisms Divergent – when closely related species evolve in different directions

43. 42 Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor

44. 37 Vestigial structures

45. 44 A term used to describe how well an organism is able to survive and pass its genes on to the next generation

46. 45 Fitness

47. 46 What term refers to the distribution of organisms around the world?

48. 47 Biogeography

49. 48 What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures? Which one shows an evolutionary relationship?

50. 49Homologous – similar structure, but different function. This shows an evolutionary relationship Analogous – similar function, but structurally very different. Does not show any sort of evolutionary relationship

51. 50 What are the 4 main principles of natural selection?

52. 51 Variation Overproduction Adaptation Descent with modification

53. 52 What 5 conditions must be met for a population to be considered to be in Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium?

54. 53 Very large population No gene flow No mutations No sexual selection No natural selection