1. 1 Review Define genetic drift Relate Cause and Effect How can the founder effect lead to changes in the allele pool 2 Infer Genetic equilibrium is uncommon in actual populations. Why do you think this is the case 3 Evolution Do you think populations stay in genetic equilibrium after the environment Has changed significantly- explain.

2. Ch 17 Evolution of Populations
17.2 Evolution as Genetic Change in Populations

3. Insect populations often contain a few individuals that are resistant to a particular pesticide
They pass on their resistance to their offspring and soon the pesticide-resistant offspring dominate the population.

4. Natural Selection on Single-Gene Traits
Lead to changes in ______________________________________and then to evolution
Mutation in one gene that determines body color in lizards can affect their lifespan
The normal color for lizards is brown, a mutation may produce red and black forms.

5. Red lizards are more visible to predators
They are less likely to survive and reproduce = red allele is _______________.

6. Black lizards can absorb sunlight
Higher body temperatures may allow the lizards to move faster, escape predators, and reproduce.

7. Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits
The fitness of individuals may vary from one end of the curve to the other
Can affect the range of ______________________ and hence the shape of the ______________________________.

8. Directional Selection
Individuals at ___________________of the curve have higher _________________ than individuals in the middle or at the other end
Range of phenotypes _____________.

9. Stabilizing Selection
Individuals near the _________________ of the curve have higher fitness than at either end
Keeps the center of the curve at its current position, but it _____________________ the overall graph.

10. Disruptive Selection
Individuals at the _________________________________________ ____of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
Acts against the intermediate type and can create ____________ distinct phenotypes.

11. Genetic Drift
_______________________________in allele frequency.

12. Genetic Bottlenecks
Change in allele frequency following a _________________________________________ _________ in the size of a population
A disaster may kill many individuals in a population, and the surviving population’s ________________________________ may contain different ___________________________________from the original gene pool.

13. The Founder Effect
Allele frequencies change as a result of the _______________________ of a _______________________________________ of a population.

14. Genetic Equilibrium
Allele frequencies in the population _________________________________________ _____________
__________________ is ____________ occurring.

15. Hardy-Weinberg Principle
All conditions that must occur for evolution _______________________________________
Very ______________________ population
No ___________________________
_______________________ mating
No ____________________________
No _____________________________________.

16. Large Population
_____________________________has less effect on large populations
Large population size helps maintain genetic equilibrium.

17. No Mutations
If mutations occur, __________________________ may be introduced into the gene pool, and _________________________________________ __________will change.

18. Random Mating
All members of the population must have an _________________________________________ ___________ to produce offspring
Individuals must mate with other members of the population at ________________________________________.

19. Random Mating Non random mating examples Selective breeding
Self pollination
Artificial selection
Sexual selection

20. Sexual Selection
Individuals in a population showing a ______________________for mating with a certain phenotype or trait.

21. Sexual Selection

23. No Migration (No Gene Flow)
Individuals who join a population may _________________________________________ _______________ into the gene pool
Individuals who leave may _________________________________________ _from the gene pool
There must be no movement of individuals into or out of a population.

24. No Natural Selection
All genotypes in the population must have _________________________________________ _____________ of surviving and reproducing
No phenotype can have a _________________________________________ _____________ over another.

25. Shuffling of genes during sexual reproduction produces many _________________________________________ but does not alter the _________________________________________ _of alleles in a population.

26. 1 Review What is geographic isolation Predict A newly formed lake divides a population of beetle species into two groups. What other factors besides isolation might lead to the two groups becoming separate species 2 Review What types of reproductive isolation may have been important in Galapagos finch speciation- explain Apply Concepts Explain how the vegetarian tree finch. Which feeds on fruit might have evolved

27. Ch 17 Evolution of Populations
17.3 The Process of Speciation

28. How does one species become two?

29. Speciation Formation of a new species
Species- group of organisms that are similar enough to ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________.

30. Speciation Steps
Part of population __________________and becomes ___________________________
_____________ prevents two groups from coming in contact with each other
Groups ________________________ to their own environments
Adaptations occur and add up until the two groups become ___________________where even if barrier is removed the groups do not _____________________.

31. Lion and Tiger

32. Polar Bear and Grizzly Bear

33. Reproductive Isolation
_________________________ of one group to mate ________________________ with any other group.

34. Behavioral Isolation
Two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in _______________________ or ___________________________________.

35. Geographic Isolation
Two populations are separated by _________________________________________ such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water.

36. Temporal Isolation
Two or more species reproduce at ________________________________________.

37. Speciation in Darwin’s Finches
Founding of a new population
Geographic isolation
Changes in the new population’s gene pool
Behavioral isolation
Ecological competition.

38. Founders Arrive
Many years ago a few finches (species M) arrived from ___________________ ___________________

39. Geographic Isolation The island had a unique environment
Founder effect, geographic isolation, and natural selection resulted in a ___________________ ___________________
Species A.

40. Changes in Gene Pools
Populations on each island ___________________ ___________ to local environments
Two distinct populations evolved A and B.

41. Behavioral Isolation Some species B finches go back to first island
Enough time has passed where the two species ___________________ ___________________
___________________ _________________kee p them from mating.

42. Competition and Continued Evolution
Species evolve in a way that increases the differences between them, and new species may evolve C, D, and E
More specialized birds have ___________________ _____________for food.