Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior The Endocrine System Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

Consists of glands that secrete hormones Endocrine System Consists of glands that secrete hormones Produced by glands Received by specific neuron receptors

The Pituitary Gland “Master Gland” Stimulated by hypothalamus Growth hormone (muscles, bones, glands) Prolactin (nursing), oxytocin (labor),

Thyroid Gland Produces thyroxin, which controls metabolism (changing food to energy) Too little = hypothyroidism (overweight) Too much = hyperthyroidism (weight loss, insomnia)

Adrenal Gland Cortical steroids (stress and muscle) Adrenaline & noradrenaline (increase blood pressure and arouse the body)

SORRY NO PICTURES AVAILABLE Testes and Ovaries Hormones Testosterone Kind of steroid Male sex hormone Influences muscle development Estrogen & Progesterone Female sex hormones Influences development SORRY NO PICTURES AVAILABLE

Heredity: Our Genetic Background

Heredity The transmission of characteristics from parents to children Physical traits Psychological traits Disorders

Genes Basic building blocks of hereditary Determined by pairs, one each inherited from a parent

Chromosomes Chromosomes Threadlike structures that house genes, composed of DNA Most cells have 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs 23rd pair determines gender

Nature vs. Nuture Nature = biology Nuture = environmental factors (family, education, culture, experiences, etc.)

Kinship Studies Twin Studies Adoptee Studies Twins Reared Apart Identical and fraternal Adoptee Studies Separated from families, still exhibit biological traits? Twins Reared Apart