Cellular Respiration Biology 1 Ms. Duncan

Pronunciation Glycolysis Mitochondria Respiration Calorie

Why do we get hungry? Food provides the building blocks for our cells; it is a source of energy!!!

Respiration – Converting ADP into ATP How do cells use this energy? Movement, synthesis, active transport, reproduction, etc. Cellular Respiration provides this energy by converting ADP to ATP Ex: muscle cells convert ADP to ATP at a rate of 10 million per second!!!!! ATP Review video

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Animal Cells Mitochondrion Plant Photo Credits: left: ©Bob Gurr/DRK Photo; middle bottom: ©John Durham/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. ; middle top: ©Ron Boardman/Stone; right: ©Keith Porter/Photo Researchers, Inc. Plant Cells Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Mitochondrion Animal Cells Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane Photo Credits: left: ©Bob Gurr/DRK Photo; middle bottom: ©John Durham/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. ; middle top: ©Ron Boardman/Stone; right: ©Keith Porter/Photo Researchers, Inc. Matrix Plant Cells Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

copyright cmassengale Mitochondria Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. Mitochondria video Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae Outer membrane Inner membrane copyright cmassengale

Chemical Energy and Food One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6), when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3811 calories of heat energy. A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Click for Video Clip

Overview of Cellular Respiration Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and electron transport take place inside the mitochondria. Mitochondrion Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Cellular Respiration Equation Oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + energy 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Look familiar?

Occurs in 3 stages Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain Cellular Respiration Occurs in 3 stages Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Glycolysis Glukus = sugar Lysis = split 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glycolysis is the first stage in cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2 NAD+ 2 NADH Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Glycolysis made easy What is needed (reactants)? Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+ What is produced (products)? 2 pyruvic acids, 2 NADH, 4 ATP Where does this occur? Cytoplasm of the cell 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 4 ATP

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Glycolysis – a 2nd look 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glycolysis is the first stage in cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Pathways After Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Kreb’s Cycle (mitochondria) Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Aerobic With Oxygen Anaerobic WITHOUT Oxygen 2 Types

ANAEROBIC=WITHOUT O2 Fermentation When O2 is not available Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation When O2 is not available

Alcoholic Fermentation Reactants Products Pyruvic acid +NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Used in bread baking, wine and beer making ANAEROBIC=WITHOUT O2

Lactic Acid Fermentation Reactants Products Pyruvic acid +NADH lactic acid+ CO2 + NAD+ Used by muscle cells Cheeses, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream Pickles, sauerkraut, kimchi ANAEROBIC=WITHOUT O2