1. Cellular Respiration

2. Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space
Mitochondrion
Inner membrane
Photo Credits: left: ©Bob Gurr/DRK Photo; middle bottom: ©John Durham/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. ; middle top: ©Ron Boardman/Stone; right: ©Keith Porter/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Matrix
Plant Cells 2

3. Cells Using Biochemical Energy
All cells need to make ATP energy
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Cells Use ATP For:
Movement
Photosynthesis
Protein Synthesis
Cellular respiration
All other cellular reactions
Amoeba 3

4. Releasing Energy From ATP
ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities
The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy
ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells 4

5. ATP consists of: adenine ribose (a 5-carbon sugar) 3 phosphate groups
ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source.
ATP 5

6. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Storing Energy
ADP has two phosphate groups instead of three, so adding a phosphate group to ADP stores energy in ATP (3 phosphate groups)
ATP
ADP
Energy +
Energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially charged battery
Fully charged battery 6

7. Releasing Energy
Energy stored in ATP is released by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates.
2 Phosphate groups P
ADP 7

8. Releasing Energy From ATP
Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP
Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP
Loose
Gain 8

9. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
A process that uses energy extracted from (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O).
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose
ATP
Compare to equation for photosynthesis 9

10. What is created??
38 ATP!!!!!
A compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms 10

11. What are the two types of cellular respiration?
There are two types of cellular respiration
Anaerobic (without oxygen) pathways
Aerobic (with oxygen) pathways
Both pathways begin with glycolysis: break down of glucose.
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Generate 2 ATP

12. Mitochondria Organelle where Aerobic cellular respiration takes place.
Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane 12

13. Aerobic Cellular Respiration

14. AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC respiration?
What happens during
AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC respiration?
AEROBIC RESPIRATION:
Occurs in the PRESENCE of oxygen.
38 ATP can be produced
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:
Occurs in the ABSENCE of oxygen..
2 ATP produced
2 main types of fermentation:
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

15. Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Produced in your muscles during rapid exercise
Occurs when O2 supply is short
Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) 15

17. Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

18. What are the most important chemical reactions on Earth?
Photosynthesis is the process by which some organisms capture the energy of sunlight and convert it to chemical energy that is stored as food
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular respiration is the process by which all organisms obtain energy from the chemical bonds in food molecules.
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy 18

19. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The key cellular process for energy production is photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Takes place in chloroplasts
Energy is released during cellular respiration by breaking
down glucose.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Takes place in mitochondria
The energy flow in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
takes place in opposite directions.
Photosynthesis captures energy.
Cellular respiration releases energy.

20. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Converts energy to food
Performed by autotrophs
Takes place in the Chloroplast
Reactants: CO2, H2O, and Light Energy
Products: O2 and C6H12O6 (aka- glucose… FOOD!)
Converts food into energy
Performed by heterotrophs and plants
Takes place in the mitochondria
Reactants: Glucose (C6H12O6) and O2
Products: CO2 , H2O, and ATP (energy!)

22. Review Questions

23. The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following? 
1 - water; 2 - nitrogen
1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen
1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water

24. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Glycolysis occurs in the
mitochondria.
cytoplasm.
nucleus.
chloroplasts.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24

25. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of
oxygen.
glucose.
NADH.
alcohol.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 25

26. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
How is energy released from ATP?
A phosphate is added.
An adenine is added.
A phosphate is removed.
A ribose is removed.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 26

27. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
How is it possible for most cells to function with only a small amount of ATP?
Cells do not require ATP for energy.
ATP can be quickly regenerated from ADP and P.
Cells use very small amounts of energy.
ATP stores large amounts of energy.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27

28. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Compared to the energy stored in a molecule of glucose, ATP stores
much more energy.
much less energy.
about the same amount of energy.
more energy sometimes and less at others.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28

29. What function does ATP carry out in living things?
aids in protein folding and coiling
used to capture and transfer energy
identifies DNA start sequences for transcription
helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes

30. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.