The Congress of Vienna 7.5 SUMMARY:

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The Congress of Vienna 7.5 SUMMARY: After exiling Napoleon, European leaders at the Congress of Vienna try to restore order and reestablish peace. NEXT

NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE COLLAPSES NAPOLEON’S THREE MISTAKES Continental System and blockade of Britain Causes the Peninsular War by appointing his brother the king of Spain BIGGEST DISASTER: tries to conquer Russia Russians use scorched-earth policy freezing winter and hunger decimate troops NAPOLEON DEFEATED 1814: FOURTH COALITION defeats Napoleon Napoleon abdicates; exiled to Elba 1815: escapes and returns to France: Hundred Days declares himself emperor defeated by British at Waterloo exiled to St. Helena

Metternich Restores Stability Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 series of meetings that reshape Europe Klemens von Metternich—foreign minister of Austria, most influential METTERNICH’S GOALS Distrusted democratic ideals of French Revolution: 1) Containment: surround France with strong countries 2) Balance of power: no one country a threat 3) Legitimacy: restore royal families to throne

GOAL 1: Containment of France Make countries surrounding France stronger: Kingdom of the Netherlands formed Switzerland made independent Austria dominates new German Confederation of 39 German states Kingdom of Sardinia is strengthened by adding Genoa GOAL 2: Balance of Power No country would be a threat to others weaken France but leave it mostly intact GOAL 3: Legitimacy • Legitimacy: monarchs deposed by Napoleon are returned to thrones hope to restore order

SUCCESS OF CONGRESS succeeds in getting all European governments together Work out fair deals so Congress does not lead to more war All nations agree to preserve peace, which lasts almost 40 years

Political Changes Beyond Vienna Conservative Europe Conservative governments rule across Europe, but new ideas have impact • Holy Alliance Absolute monarchs of Russia, Prussia, Austria pledge to fight revolution • Concert of Europe nations pledge to help fight revolutions Revolutions in Latin America • Napoleon’s replacing king of Spain set off rebellions in Spanish America • Many former colonies of Spain and Portugal gain independence Long-Term Legacy Britain, Prussia gain power France losses power spreading nationalism leads to revolutions Germany, Greece, and Italy Rise of democracy