1.3 Given a scenario, apply appropriate Microsoft command line tools Command LINE BASICS EXAM 902 1.3 Given a scenario, apply appropriate Microsoft command line tools 4.1 Given a scenario, troubleshoot PC operating system problems with appropriate tools

Command Prompt In many cases its more efficient to manipulate files and folders using commands in a command prompt window than using Windows Explorer In some troubleshooting situations, you have no other option but to use the command prompt window The next section covers using basic commands at the command prompt

prompt Command Prompt Open a command prompt window by clicking the start button, then enter cmd in the search box, and press enter At the command prompt, you enter commands to perform a variety of tasks Windows has 2 levels of command prompt windows, a standard window and an elevated window

Standard vs Elevated Windows The Standard window opens by default and will show the directory of the currently logged on user’s folder Commands requiring administrative privileges will not work in a standard window The Elevated window requires the user to logon as an administrator or enter an admin password The word “administrator” will appear in the title bar The default directory will be: C:\Windows\system32

Windows Vista or 7 In Windows 8 or 10 An elevated command prompt window (indicated by “administrator” in the title bar) has administrative privileges In Windows 8 or 10

5 Command Prompt Tips The following 5 Tips will help you with working in a command prompt window: Tip 5: Type exit and press Enter to close the window Tip 1: Type cls and press Enter to clear the window Tip 4: Press Ctrl+Break or Ctrl+Pause to terminate or pause a command before it is finished Tip 2: Press the up arrow to retrieve the last command that you entered Tip 3: Press the right arrow to retrieve the last command one character at a time

HELP command and results use the help command to get help with any other command and to list all available commands HELP command and results

ping -t xcopy /s chkdsk /f /r Switches Many commands can use parameters (more commonly called switches) Switches effect how the command will work Switches often begin with a slash followed by a single character For example the “dir” command can be used with the “/p” switch to list files and directories one screen at a time So you would enter “dir /p” (without quotations) at the command prompt

DIR A*.??? Wildcards When working at the command prompt you can use wildcard characters to apply a command to a group of files You can also use them to abbreviate a filename if you don’t know the entire name The question mark (?) is a wildcard for one character The asterisk (*) is a wildcard for one or more characters For example to find all files in a folder that start with “A” and have a 3 letter file extension, use the following command: ? *

DIR command and results use the dir command to display a list of files and folders The Dir command is used to list files and directories DIR command and results

Folder Commands Use the Md command to: create a directory Use the Cd command to: change the current default directory Use the Rd command to: remove a directory (empty) Folder Commands

File Commands Use the DEL command (or Erase command) to: delete one or more files Use the REN command to: rename a file or group of files

Copy, Xcopy, & Robocopy Commands Comparison The copy command copies a single file or group of files Example: To copy myfile.txt from drive C: to drive E:, use the following command: C:\>copy myfile.txt E: XCOPY The xcopy command uses the same format as the copy command but it is more powerful ROBOCOPY (robust file copy) The robocopy command is more powerful than xcopy Ability to tolerate network interruptions and resume copying

XCOPY command and results

ROBOCOPY command and results

Disk Commands Chkdsk Command The chkdsk command fixes file system errors and recovers data from bad sectors on the drive Used with the /F switch, chkdsk searches for and fixes two types of file system errors Lost Clusters are clusters marked as used but does not belong to any file; the data in these clusters is lost Cross Linked Clusters are clusters that are marked as belonging to more than one file Used with the /R switch chkdsk looks for lost clusters and cross linked clusters and bad sectors

DEFRAG command and results use the defrag command to examine a drive for fragmented files and rewrite them in contiguous clusters DEFRAG command and results

FORMAT command and results use the format command to perform a high level format on a hard drive or other storage device Format Command FORMAT command and results

SHUTDOWN command and results use the shutdown command to shutdown the local computer or a remote computer SHUTDOWN command and results