Bellwork: 1/24 Put your phone up Week 1/22-1/25 What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic? Why did it take less time for your BTB to turn green after exercise? If it took longer, why do you think it did?
Today: Unit 4, Part V Notes Fermentation Lab Set-Up
Materials Unit Book
This Week: Monday: No School Tues/Wed: Sub – Planet Earth II Thursday: Notes & Plan Fermentation Lab Friday: Finish Lab Set-Up & Fermentation Packet
Homework None
Unit IV: Cell Energy
Part V: Anaerobic Respiration
THINK! Have you ever done aerobic exercise and gotten a cramp in your leg muscle? Speculate what causes that cramp.
Purpose Produce ATP Starts with glycolysis In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) Starts with glycolysis Pyruvate does NOT convert into acetyl CoA & does NOT enter the Krebs cycle Instead – converted into either alcohol or lactic acid Depending on the organism This conversion is known as FERMENTATION
Alcohol Fermentation Used by many one-celled (unicellular) organisms Bacteria & yeast Pathway Glucose Pyruvate Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Purpose of making alcohol Regenerates NAD+ So that glycolysis can continue Commercial use: Making wine & beer Baking bread
THINK! Based on your understanding of alcohol fermentation, why does bread rise? Why doesn’t the bread taste like alcohol after baking?
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation Organisms that use this pathway: Muscles, some bacteria Pathway Glucose Pyruvate Lactic Acid + NAD+ Purpose of making lactic acid Regenerates NAD+ So that glycolysis can continue & makes ATP Physiological Symptoms: Muscle cramping Commercial Uses Making cheese & yogurt
Lactic Acid Fermentation
THINK! If our muscles can do Lactic Acid fermentation when oxygen is low, why do humans die without oxygen?
Energy & Exercise We need the energy from both anaerobic & aerobic respiration Quick Energy Needed to respond to danger, sprinting, weight-lifting First few seconds - aerobic respiration Long-term Energy Needed for running a marathon, aerobics, basketball, etc Essentially all from aerobic respiration Also uses glycogen (carb reserves) and fat reserves
Types of Exercise Aerobic (endurance, cardio) Ex: jogging, biking, aerobics Increases blood pumped through vessels & heart Muscles become stronger, more flexible & less easily fatigued Improves digestion, heart function, lung function Muscle uses O2 to undergo Cellular Respiration Burns fat
Types of Exercise Anaerobic (resistance) Ex: weight-lifting Contracting with as much force as possible Muscles get bigger, stronger and more defined Strong contractions cause muscle cell damage Muscle cells repair & enlarge You don’t make more cells, just larger cells Need to give time for repair to see improvement Without O2, muscles use Lactic Acid Fermentation Acid damages muscles & makes them sore No pain….no gain
Answer the Questions in your NoteGuide
Today: Plan out your lab using the materials listed on the paper Start rough lab plan – one paper per group Write on a lined piece of paper
Timeline: Today: Rough lab planning on piece of paper (scientific question, hypothesis, experimental variables, procedures, data table) Tomorrow: Finish lab planning & get approved by me Monday: Set-Up Lab Notebook Tues/Wed: Lab