Sustainable Mobility Bill Reinert Toyota Motor Sales, U. S. A Sustainable Mobility Bill Reinert Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. March 20, 2007

Cute Baby Animal Pictures

issues facing the auto industry Energy Diversification The “Big 4” issues facing the auto industry Energy Diversification CO2 Reduction Air Quality Urban Congestion

Energy Diversification OPEC manages market Conservation, new fuels, new technologies “Seven Sisters” Oil shocks OPEC has to meet new demand OPEC OPEC FSU FSU Non-OPEC - FSU Non-OPEC - FSU Used with permission by Peter Wells

Energy Diversification Diversity of energy resources is increasing in line with growing energy demands

Breakdown of CO2 Emissions Impacts Rising sea levels Weather changes Sever storms, more rainfall in some areas; drought in others Accelerated sea level rise Disastrous consequences for coastal communities Changes in food and water supplies Agricultural production will shift as growing seasons and regions change Changes in ecosystems Loss of wildlife habitats and shift in migration patterns Negative effect on human and animal health Migration of tropical diseases CONCLUSION: Simultaneous efforts for CO2 reduction need to be undertaken in all sectors

Well-to-Wheel CO2 Emissions

Life Cycle Assessment and Air Quality For each stage, we look at all of the inputs – Natural Resources, Energy . . . And all of the outputs – not just greenhouse gas emissions, but also things like solid waste and waste water. We can then assess the true environmental impact of a vehicle.

Prius LCA and Air Quality

World Population Growth and Urban Congestion

Growth in Vehicle Ownership and Urban Congestion

Toyota’s Basic Philosophy Do what we can “today for tomorrow.” Develop innovative technologies for the future while continuously improving the mainstream technologies of today.

Solutions—Toyota’s Approach Balance reduction of environmental impact with meeting Consumer Wants Mass market appeal Life Cycle Assessment

Toyota’s Approach “Ultimate Eco Car” 1. Fewer emissions 2. Energy Diversification 3. CO2 reduction Toyota believes that there is no single fuel or technology that can solve all of society’s transportation needs. Simply put there is no single silver bullet. This is why we are pursuing multiple technology paths in our continuing quest to reduce the impact of the automobile on society. Key to our efforts is the ability to apply hybrid systems to any type of powertrain without constraint from the type of fuel or propulsion technology used. In other words, hybrids are a core technology for Toyota. By combining battery energy storage with conventional powertrains, Toyota’s Hybrid Synergy Drive system has the ability to greatly increase and, in some cases, double the efficiency of any propulsion system, while significantly reducing smog-forming emissions

Hybrid as Core Element Some have characterized hybrid technology as an interim approach, a bridge to fuel cells. In our view, this underestimates the value of the hybrid system. The fuel cell vehicles we are now testing in the United States are hybrid designs and, in fact, use many of the same components that are found in today’s Prius

FCHV Market Penetration Issues Durability Steadily improving, but needs further development 2. Cost Not feasible yet Aim to reduce to 1/100th of the current cost 3. Cruising Range Practical range ~ 300 miles Current 10K PSI storage is not sufficient Solutions such as advanced hydrogen storage technology and vehicle packaging optimization have been under study

FCHV Market Penetration Issues

FCHV Market Penetration Issues

FCHV Market Penetration Issues

FCHV Market Penetration Issues

FC/Hydrogen Basic Research

Hydrogen Storage Technology Development Efforts Development will be carried out not only within Toyota, but also in collaboration with engineers and scientists around the world.

Towards Sustainable Mobility Government Auto Manufacturers Energy-Mix Strategy Codes and Standards FC Technology Cost Vehicle Attractiveness Fuel Industry Universities Technical Schools H2 Production, Distribution and Storage Technology Hydrogen-Based Society Human Resource Development H2 Storage Technology Basic Research Hydrogen Infrastructures R&D Organizations General Public R&D on FC Understanding of a H2 Production, Distribution and Storage Technology (Incl. CO2 Sequestration) Hydrogen Society Awareness