Antipsychotic drugs

Psychotherapeutic drug therapy Chemical product Produce effect on the mind ,emotions ,& body Action of psychotic drugs ; Nervous system ,disturbe neurotransmitter pathway

Frontal lobe responsible for : Love creativity insight planning judgment abstract reasoning

Limbic system responsible for ; Emotions, motivation memory fight or flight

The drugs affect these area so profound changes in behavior result Figure 7-1 ( division of the nervous system ) CNS: motor & sensory effect

Adrenergic effect : sympathetic effect ( fight or flight ) Increase heart rate Increase cardiac out put Dilate pupil Improve visual acuity Bronchodilator More o2 enter to chest Increase blood sugar & fatty acid Increase energy Increase mental activity Act in case of stress

Parasympathetic nervous system ( cholinergic nervous system ) PSN Acetylcholine neurotransmitter Regulatory process Decrease heart rate Decrease blood volume Decrease cardiac out put Relax sphincter Increase body secretion

Cell of nervous system is neuron ,its function : transmit electrical information to other neuron Neuron produce chemical substance called neurotransmitter No connection between neurons The space between neuron & other is called synape

Classification of neurotransmitter Monoamines Cholinergic Amino acids Neuropeptide

Classification of psychotropic drugs Antianxiety Antidepressant Antimanics Antipsychotic

Ant anxiety medication : Anxietyis common mental health problem These drugs named anxiolytics or minor tranquilizer benzodiazepines ( hypnotic ) -provide sedation Induce sleep Prevent seizures Prepare for general anasthesia

Decrease anxiety Act fast within 1 hour Duration4 -6hours Metabolism in the river Excreted by kidney Avoid in pregnancy & lactation Side effect : fatigue ,sedation ,dizziness, orthostatic hypotension & dependency Eg.buspirone (buspar) cause addiction -pregabalin (lyrica) Don’t use antacid with anxiolytic drugs it will impair its absorption

Antidepressant medication : Uses in affective disorder : many of human being their life is mixture of happiness & sadness & the human adapted with his feeling ,but when these emotions affect his productivity & unable to fight his environment with failure of adaptation to life he become diseased Types of antidepressant tricyclic antidepressant drugs selective seretonine inhibitor MAOIs

Indications: 1-depression –manic –panic 2-OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder ) 3-enuresis (bed wetting ) 4-bulimia 5-neuropathic pain 6-PISD post traumatic stress disorder 7- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

MAOIs will increase blood pressure , the diet should be free from cheese & its product This drug need 4 weeks to be act effectively Side effect of MAOIs; Dry mouth ,nose ,eye Hypertensive crisis Urine retention Sedation

Antimanic medication Characteristic of manic disorder include 1- excitement 2-great elation 3-over talkativeness 4-increase motor activity 5-feeling grandiose idea 6-agitated behavior

Example : lithium Uses:-mania Bipolar Drug abuse Alcoholism Phobias Eating disorder

Contraindication of lithium; Pregnant woman Kidney disease Lithium toxicity if blood level is more than 1.5 MEq\l Need 3 week to act & to be effective Long term used of lithium will cause hypothyroidism ,& inability of the kidney to concentrate urine Another medication : tegretol ,valporic acid (depakein )

Before giving lithium; 1- complete history 2-hysical examination 3-ECG 4-blood studies

Antipsychotic : neuroleptic medications or major tranquilizer * tablet * liquid *injection Uses ; Schizophrenia Acute mania Organic mental illness Paranoid Manic –depressive Movement disorder Nausea & vomiting Intractable hiccough

Eg. Haloperidol ( haledol ) Side effect of antipsychotic drugs; Extrapyramidal side effect ( EPSEs) Abnormal movement produced by imbalance of neurotransmitter in the brain Which include

Dry mouth Blurred vision Photophobia : sensitivity to bright light Tachy cardia Hypotension Lookbooks (7-6) EPSEs of antipsychotic drugs Loof for table 7-6 (teaching guidelines psychotropic medications )