Chapter 15 Part 3 Pages 504-509

Terms to Know Frances Perkins Mary McLeod Bethune John Collier New Deal Coalition CIO

Women and the New Deal Eleanor was committed to Civil Rights and child welfare FDR not so much…political considerations He wanted the nomination from the republican party in 1936, 1940, 1944 Most democrats were in the South How did Southerners feel about civil rights?

Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt She helped to integrate government cafeterias in Washington D.C. And she arranged for a Black opera singer, Marion Anderson to give a concert on Easter Sunday at the Lincoln memorial when the DAR refused to rent a concert hall to Anderson because she was Black Eleanor resigned from the DAR

Eleanor Roosevelt Was very active on her husband’s behalf during the depression Tive to the United Nations She would tour the country and report back to him. After FDR’s death she was our represent

Women and the New Deal Several women were named to important positions in FDR’s New Deal administration Frances Perkins was the first female Secretary of Labor Mary McLeod Bethune was the head of the NYA

Women Who were abandoned by their husbands were able to get relief in their own names

Women still worked BUT In 1936 a poll indicated that 82% of Americans believed that a woman should not work if her husband was working

African Americans Still racism but A. Philip Randolph founded the first all-Black labor union The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

FDR Appointed more than 100 African Americans to positions of power in the government

Although FDR did not Champion civil rights And refused to support federal anti-lynching laws (like Wilson…who was also a democrat) And refused to end the Poll Tax African Americans DID get jobs through work relief and were included in other New Deal reforms

Segregation Black and Shite workers were segregated in work relief programs but at least Blacks were included… So, in the election of 1936 The Black vote went to FDR Since the Civil War, those Blacks who could vote generally went Republican…Why?

Native Americans In 1924 Native Americans were granted full citizenship by law John Collier was named Commisioner of Indian Affairs by FDR

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 A new federal policy away from assimilation and toward autonomy Restored some tribal lands to Indians Indians could elect own leaders and control their schools on reservations

Most women and minority groups Supported FDR because the New Deal addressed their needs These different groups formed a coalition in support of FDR and his New Deal

Labor The NIRA had been declared unconstitutional by the Court in the Sick Chicken case Also there were over 155,000 violations of section 7a (protection for unions) in the first year

The Wagner Act Created the NLRB National Labor Relations Board The NLRB was given the power to hold secret meetings in factories to help workers unionize The NLRB could also reinstate workers who had been fired for union activity

Immediate Union Activity 1935 The AFL was adept at organizing skilled workers so rather than organizing unskilled workers the gave a charter to the CIO The first head of the CIO was John Lewis who had earlier headed the United Mine Workers Union

The CIO Organized steel workers across the country They only had to threaten to strike in order to gain concessions

In 1936 The CIO gave a charter to the UAW to organize auto workers The won many concessions after a series of sit-down strikes Homer Martin was the first head of the UAW

In 1936 The AFL urged its members to vote for FDR This was the first time the AFL endorced a political candidate They were grateful for the help they had received from the government

Other Groups who supported FDR Religious minority groups: Roman Catholics, Jews, others