Change of American Policies 49 - Aug 29 1949 USSR A-bomb Oct 1 1949 China Communist Jan 1950 Hiss arrested McCarthy speech febr 50 Fuchs Arrested in Febr 1950 Nsc-68 apr 50 Dec 1950 NATO signed. Korean War starts June 1950 Jan 1953 Republican Eisenhower is President McCarthy is censured 1954.

Soviet The loss of A-Bomb China + Red Scare! Senator Joseph McCarthy NSC-68 from april 1950 Red Scare!

The Red Scare 47 - 54 HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), a committee set up in 1938. It was originally set up to hunt down Nazis within the Government in USA, but very early started hunting communists too. In 1947 HUAC started hearings to investigate ”subversive and un-american activities.” Nixon participated in HUAC ”Are you now or have ever been a member of the Communist Party?” – YES and you were in trouble. You ended up on a blacklist, loosing your job, friends and often family. You were encouraged to name names. If somone mentioned your name, you ended up on the blacklist. The actions taken againstPlaywriter Arthur Miller is one example: He was called before the committee acused of attending a meeting nine years before. When he refused to name others he was fined 500 $ and given a suspended prison sentence.

Hiss and The Rosenbergs In January 1950 Alger Hiss an employee at the State Department was suspected of treason. He had been with FDR on Yalta. He denied any treason but was sentenced 5 years in prison for purjury. I In February Klaus Fuchs was arrested by the brittish, He confessed and named other working with Los Alamos project. Including David Greenglass. He, in turn named his sister, Ethel Rosenberg, and brother-in-law, Julius Rosenberg. They were arrested for passing secrets to the Russians. Even though they claimed their innocence and had young children they were executed in 1953. In 1950 the Congress passed McCarren Internal Security Act and strengthened it in 1952: Communists were not allowed to work in defence industry. Communist organisations were to register at the General Attorney. Communists could be denied passport. Foreign communist deported or denied entrance to US. In times of National

McCarthy McCarty hearings in the Senate: In Ferbruary 1950 Senator Joseph McCarthy held a speech for the Republican Women’s club: "I have in my hand a list of 205 cases of individuals who appear to be either card-carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party.” All working in the State Department according to him. What impact did McCarty have? He was a Republican, Truman Democrat. He became the image of the patriotic amreican on a crusade against evil-doers in the american state. His hearings were televised and they increased the American public notion that communists were threatening to take over the world. The damage he did to ordinary people was enormous. Hundreds lost their jobs due to being blacklisted. In New York 300 teachers lost their jobs. At the State department the ”Asia desk” lost most of its knowledgeable persons which would leed to devestating results in analyzing the Vietanam-situation in 1954. In 1953 when McCarthy said he had evidence against Marshall Eisenhower took stopped supporting him. In 1954 he was censured by the Senate and in 1957 he died from liver desease.

NSC-68 NSC = National Security Council. In April 1954 they made a report to President Truman on American interests in the world. According to the report: USSR are spreading Communism all over the world. It is up the US to stop this. USSR will by the mid 50’s have over 200 nuclear arms pointing at the West. This is is a tremendous danger. The only way to do this is to increase military spending in the US. Result: The Korean war and the fall of China was all the evidence Truman needed. US military budget went from 13 billion USD a year in the 40’s to 50 billion USD in 1953. Containment is here to stay. Arms race is a fact.

Summing Up A-Bomb Fuchs US Policies China Communist HUAC and McCarthy International Events National Events US Policies Cold War continued