Grammar Unit 1

Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Predicates Sentence: a group of words, including a subject and a verb, that expresses a complete thought. Complete subject: all the words that tell what the sentence is about. Complete predicate: a verb and all the words that tell what the subject is or does. Schoolhouse Rock The leaves on the trees fall swiftly to the ground. Complete subject Complete predicate

Lesson 2: Simple Subjects Simple subject: the main word(s) in the complete subject. The rest of the words in the complete subject could be removed and the sentence would still make sense. The leaves on the trees fall swiftly to the ground. Simple subject Complete subject Complete predicate

Lesson 3: Simple Predicates Simple predicate (verb): the main word(s) in the complete predicate. The rest of the words in the complete predicate could be removed and the sentence would still make sense. Schoolhouse Rock The leaves on the trees fall swiftly to the ground. Verb Complete subject Complete predicate

The leaves on the trees will fall swiftly to the ground. Lesson 4: Verb Phrases Verb phrase: the main verb and one or more helping verbs. Main verb: the simple predicate. The leaves on the trees will fall swiftly to the ground. Verb Verb Phrase

Lesson 4: Verb Phrases Cont’d Helping verb: helps the main verb express action or show time. Examples include: forms of be, forms of do, forms of have, and others (see chart on page 10). The leaves on the trees will fall swiftly to the ground. Helping verb Verb Phrase

Lesson 5: Compound Sentence Parts Compound subject: two or more subjects that share the same verb; joined by a conjunction. Compound verb: two or more verbs that share the same subject; joined by a conjunction. Conjunction: connecting word, such as and, or, or but.

Compound Subject Men and women vote in the election. Children cannot vote or drive cars. compound subject Compound Verb compound verb

Lesson 6: Kinds of Sentences Declarative sentence: expresses a statement; ends with a period. I am going to make dinner. The books are green. Interrogative sentence: asks a question; ends with a question mark. What are you doing this weekend? Why isn’t your homework done?

Lesson 6: Kinds of Sentences Imperative sentence: tells or asks someone to do something; ends in a period or exclamation point. Read your book! Wash the dishes. Exclamatory sentence: shows strong feeling; ends with an exclamation point. I love cheese! I am so excited for my birthday!

Lesson 7: Subjects in Unusual Order Questions: subject comes after the verb or in the middle of a verb phrase. Where is the student? Have you gone to the store yet? Imperative sentence: the subject you is implied, not stated. (You) Go to your room.

Lesson 7: Subjects in Unusual Order Inverted sentence: subject comes after the verb. Down the road drove the car. Here or there: subject follows the verb. Here are the tests from last week. There is another test next week.

Lesson 8: Subject Complements Subject complement: word or group of words that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject. Linking verbs: forms of be and verbs that express one of the five senses (see page 22). The gift was a backpack. Subject Linking Verb Subject Complement

Lesson 9: Objects of Verbs Direct object: a word or a group of words that names the receiver of the verb’s action. It answers the question what? or whom? I wrote my grandmother a letter last week. What was written? A letter. Direct Object

I wrote my grandmother a letter last week. Indirect object: a word or group of words that tells to what/whom or for whom an action is done. It usually comes between the verb and the direct object. I wrote my grandmother a letter last week. For whom was the letter written? My grandmother. Indirect Object

Lesson 10: Sentence Fragments Sentence fragment: a part of a sentence that is missing a subject, a predicate, or both. Ran to the store. (missing a subject) The 8th grade students. (missing a predicate) A lot of homework. (missing a subject and predicate)

Lesson 10: Run-On Sentences Run-on sentence: two or more sentences written as if they were one sentence without the use of a conjunction or punctuation. Incorrect: I went into the store she waited in the car. Correct: I went into the store while she waited in the car. I went into the store. She waited in the car.