Structuring and Analyzing Arguments:

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Argumentation.
Advertisements

Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical and Toulmin, Models Junior AP English September 23, 2008.
Elements of an Argument
Argument: Rogerian Developed by psychologist, Carl Rogers, in the 1950s Attempts to reach common ground between the speaker and the audience When composing.
Classical Argument Outline. The basic plan for organizing an argument along classical lines includes six major components: Introduction Statement of Background.
OCTOBER 25, 2010 PLEASE TAKE YOUR PAPERS FROM THE FOLDERS. (DO NOT LEAVE THEM, TAKE THEM WITH YOU.) YOUR MIDTERM WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU ON WEDNESDAY.
How to write a perfect synthesis essay.  The college Board wants to determine how well the student can do the following:  Read critically  Understand.
Three choices for Argument/Synthesis Writing
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian and Ad Herennium Models.
Key Terms: Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning
STRUCTURES: ARGUMENTATION ENGL 1301 & 1302 Dr. R. Ramos Revised 10/29/2014.
Three Methods for Building Arguments
The Classical Argument A Model for Writers. The Introduction Warms up the audience. Establishes good will and rapport with readers. Announces general.
Reasoning Critically about Argument and Evidence Solid versus Sloppy Thinking.
Terms of Logic and Types of Argument AP English Language and Composition.
Structuring Arguments. Structuring arguments  Defines which parts go where  Logical arguments described as:  Inductive reasoning  Deductive reasoning:
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models Junior AP English.
EA 1.2: ArgumentATIVE SYNTHESIS ESSAY on culture EA 1.2: ArgumentATIVE SYNTHESIS ESSAY on culture To synthesize means to weave together different materials.
Argumentation: The Appeal to Reason. Argument A reasoned, logical way of asserting the soundness of a position, belief, or conclusion. Take a stand. Support.
Argumentation.
Organizing Your Argument A presentation brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab, adapted by Steven Federle, Solano College.
Aristotelian Argument Classic Argument Format
Argument What is required?. Argument – the essentials Claim – a statement that expresses a point of view on a debatable topic “the exact wording of the.
An Introduction to Rhetoric: Using the “Available Means” Chapter 1: The Language of Composition.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models AP Language and Composition.
The Classical Model for Argumentation. Organization Classical rhetoricians call this arrangement since you must consider how your essay and its individual.
The Open Prompt: Timing 1-3 minutes reading and working the prompt. 3 minutes deciding on a position minutes planning the support of your position.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models Junior AP English.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models Junior AP English.
An Introduction to Persuasion and Argument Moving people to a belief, position, or course of action.
Argument Essay The Art of Persuasion Through the Use of Logical Argumentation (Ethos/Logos/Pathos) In an argument essay, the writer takes a stand on.
Argumentation.
Argumentative Essay Terminology.
A Good Argument Uses clear reasoning and reliable evidence to explain and support a point of view on a topic Uses constructive, positive strategies to.
The Five Parts of a Classical Argument
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY.
Main Idea, Claim or Thesis
Three Methods for Building Arguments
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
Elements of an Argument
Classical Argument.
Elements of an Argument
Harbrace Chapter 35 “Writing Arguments”.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: Toulmin, and Rogerian Models
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: Toulmin, and Rogerian Models
Introduction to Argument and Rhetoric
Main Idea, Claim or Thesis
Models for argumentation
Essential elements of an argument
Don’t hate on your audience.
Introduction to Argument and Rhetoric
Constructing Arguments
…or, “Stop your lippy attitude.”
Developing Arguments for Persuasive Speeches
What is an ARGUMENT? An argument is a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that the writer’s position, belief, or conclusion is valid. Arguments seek.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments:
The Art of Argumentation
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models Junior AP English.
Understanding the Argument
What is the purpose of this cartoon?
Rogerian argument.
The Toulmin Model of Argument
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Toulmin Model
Key Terms: Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning
Key Terms: Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Rogerian Model
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Toulmin Model
District Writing Assessment
Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators
September 25, 2017 AP English 3 Mr. Bell
Presentation transcript:

Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian Models

Classical Argument: Six Elements 1) Introduction: captures attention of audience; urges audience to consider your case 2) Statement of Background: narrates the key facts and/or events leading up to your case 3) Proposition: states the position you are taking, based on the information you’ve already presented, and sets up the structure of the rest of your argument 4) Proof: discusses your reasons for your position and provides evidence to support each reason 5) Refutation: anticipates opposing viewpoints; then demonstrates why your approach is the only acceptable one (i.e. better than your opponents’) 6) Conclusion: summarizes your most important points and can include appeals to feelings or values (pathos)

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Major premise: Tyrannical rulers deserve no loyalty; Minor premise: King George III is a tyrannical ruler Conclusion: Therefore, King George III deserves no loyalty. Purdue University Writing Lab 3

TOULMIN LOGIC This is an effort to describe argument as it actually occurs in everyday life. The CLAIM is the main point of the essay; it is usually stated as the thesis. The DATA is the material a writer uses to support the claim (evidence) The WARRANT is the inference that connects the grounds to the claim; it can be a belief that is taken for granted, or an assumptions that underlies the argument. Purdue University Writing Lab 4

TOULMIN LOGIC: Declaration of Independence Claim: King George III deserves no loyalty. Grounds: King George III is a tyrannical ruler (supported by facts and examples) Warrant: Tyrannical rulers deserve no loyalty. The clearer your warrant, the more likely readers will be to agree with it. Purdue University Writing Lab 5

Rogerian Arguments: Structure Introduction: statement of problem to be solved or question to be answered Summary of Opposing Views: described using a seemingly objective persona Statement of Understanding: concedes circumstances under which opposing views might be valid Statement of Your Position Statement of Contexts: describes contexts in which your position applies/works well Statement of Benefits: appeals to self-interest of readers who may not yet agree with you; demonstrates how your position benefits them

ROGERIAN LOGIC: Declaration of Independence (would look like this) Introduction – We need to do something about King George. Summary of Opposition – Declaring independence would mean a long, violent, costly war. Statement of Understanding – If injustices weren’t so great, this would be acceptable. Statement of Opinion – However, too many injustices have happened. We should do something. Statement of Contexts – Declaring independence will be more costly for them in this context. Conclusion – Let’s declare independence, but pursue peaceful resolution.