Earth spins on an axis to the East Different shapes of the moon Caused by moons revolution Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5° Moon is getting brighter New Moon  Full Moon Caused by Earth’s rotation on an axis Day = facing sun Night = not facing Sun Moon is getting darker Full Moon  New Moon Area of the world where all the clocks are set to the same time. Were created because Earth’s rotation causes people to experience the Sun at different times. Entire face of the moon is lit up. Order: Sun – Earth - Moon

Circling around another object Moon revolves around the Earth Earth revolves around the Sun Entire face of the moon is dark ORDER: Sun, Moon, Earth The blocking of light Sun, Moon and Earth line up PATH an object takes while it revolves around another object Summer  Axis tilted TOWARDS Sun Winter  Axis tilted AWAY from Sun New Moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth

Fall & Spring Axis tilted sideways to the Sun Sun shines directly on equator Earth’s shadow blocks sunlight from hitting the full Moon Revolves around the Earth Has 8 Phases – always 50% lit up Causes tides Place where the Moon lines up with the Earth in its orbit 1 revolution of the moon around the Earth -takes 29 days  8 phases Causes by the moon gravitational pull on the Earth’s water Occur every new & full moon Moon & Sun line up with the Earth so they BOTH pull on the water

1 trip the Earth around the Sun 1 year = 365.25 days/rotations Spin on AXIS 24 hours for 1 spin Causes the Day-Night Cycle Day = facing Sun Night = facing away from Sun Spin Eastward Sun Rise in the East and sets in the West Causes shadows to move W  E Caused creation of TIME ZONES People receive light at different times of day 1 trip the Earth around the Sun 1 year = 365.25 days/rotations Counter clockwise 1 trip of Moon around the Earth 1 lunar cycle = 29 days Orbit = path the object takes

Less hours in a day Shorter days Shorter rotational period More hours in a day Longer days Longer rotational period Longer years More days in a year There would be no day-night cycle. We would spend ½ year in daylight and ½ year in darkness.

We would not have years. Eventually we would get pulled into the Sun. There would be no seasons and everywhere on Earth would have 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night time. More extreme seasons  sun’s angle even higher/lower >14.8 hrs daylight hours in summer, <9.8 hrs daylight in winter We would not see the phases of the moon and we would not have any tides or eclipses.

365.25 days/1 year rotation on its axis day revolve the Sun 23.5 opposite east west

full towards colder than The Earth’s revolution on a tilted axis causes the seasons. winter direct concentrate smaller

The moon can be in the sky at any time of day. waning after 1st quarter

summer lowest increase decreases new lunar during new and full moons but not every time

Since the Earth rotates on an axis to the East, we see the Sun move across the sky. This causes the sun to rise in the East and set in the West during the time of day we are spinning into the sunlight. It is nighttime when we spin away from the sunlight and into the darkness. One whole rotation takes 24 hours which is why we have 24 hours in 1 day.

spring We experience seasons on Earth because the Earth revolves around the Sun on a tilted axis. This causes us to receive the sun’s energy differently at each point in the revolution. fall winter summer summer winter fall spring

In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. This causes the angle of the sun to be very high. A higher sun angle makes the surface receive direct sun rays. The higher angle also increase the amount of time we spin into the sunlight making us have more daylight hours in the summer. Both of these factors cause us to experience warmer temperatures in the summer. In June, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away the Sun. This causes the angle of the sun to be very low which in turn makes the surface receive indirect sun rays. The lower angle also decrease the amount of time we spin into the sunlight making us have shorter daylight hours in the winter. Both of these factors cause them to experience colder temperatures in the winter.

High tides and low tides are caused by the moon High tides and low tides are caused by the moon. The moon's gravitational pull generates something called the tidal force. The tidal force causes Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the moon and the side farthest from the moon. The Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned during a full Moon and a new Moon. During this alignment, the Sun’s gravitational pull works with the Moon to pull the water even higher causing extreme high tides and extreme low tides.

As the moon orbits the Earth, it is always 50% illuminated (lit up) by the Sun. As the moon changes its position in its orbit, the angle it makes with the Earth and the Sun changes. This causes us to see different portions of the illuminated side of the moon.

During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon line up perfectly During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon line up perfectly. When this happens, the Earth casts a shadow on the full Moon. This causes the Moon to go dark during a lunar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the Sun, Moon and Earth line up perfectly. When this happens, the new Moon blocks the sunlight. Since the Moon is small, it only casts a small shadow on to the surface of the Earth.

Pacific Mountain Central Eastern We see the sun rise and set because Earth rotates on an axis to the East. We needed to create time zones because Earth’s rotation causes people to receive sunlight at different times of the day. When traveling by train became popular, it was dangerous and confusing to have local time so the USA standardized time. Pacific Mountain Central Eastern

Earth’s tilted axis (23.5 degrees) Revolution around the Sun on a tilted axis 8 phases 50 %

December June Away Low Short Winter Indirect Towards High Long Direct Summer June Towards High Long Summer Direct Away Low Short Winter Indirect

Jan 15 - 16th A full lunar cycle takes 29 days to complete. Therefore, it would take half as long to make it halfway through the cycle. Half of 29 days is 14.5 days.