Chapter 4 Cultures of the World

Section 1 What is Culture?

Culture Culture Cultural traits A way of life for people who share similar beliefs and customs Cultural traits A characteristic of people, such as language, skills, customs; that are passed down from generation to generation

Cultural Elements What you can see What you can’t see Houses Television, Food, Clothing Sports, entertainment, literature What you can’t see Spiritual beliefs Government Ideas about right and wrong Language

People and the land Technology Cultural Landscape Tools and the skills that people need to use them. Science, computers, industry. Cultural Landscape How the land has been changed by humans, reflects on their culture.

Development of Culture Cultures develop over a long period of time Early cultures: 4 stages 1-invention of tools 2-discovery of fire 3-growth of agriculture 4-use of writing

Agriculture Agriculture Farming Growing crops and raising livestock

Social Groups, Language, and Religion Section 2 Social Groups, Language, and Religion

Organizing a Society Social structure A way of organizing people into smaller groups The family is the most important social unit of any culture.

Kinds of Families Nuclear family Extended family A family unit which includes a mother, father, and their children Extended family A family unit that may include parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins often living with or near each other

Culture 3 important features of a culture 1- Social Organization A persons rank or status 2- Language Every culture is based on language Language reflects things that are important to people 3- Religion Provides comfort and hope for people during difficult times Guides people in ethics Standards of accepted behavior

Economic and Political Systems Section 3 Economic and Political Systems

Economic Systems Economy Is a system for producing, distributing and consuming goods and services

Economy Producers Goods Services A person that makes the products Owners and workers Produces goods Goods Products that are made to be sold Cars, computers, paper, food Services Work done or duties performed for other people

Economy Consumers People that buy and use the goods and services

3 Economies Capitalism Privately owned businesses Consumer is important Free-market Economy U.S., Japan

3 Economies Socialism Government owns most businesses Businesses for the good of society, not profit Uses profits to pay for healthcare and education Some businesses follow capitalism Spain, Portugal, Italy Canada has hints of socialism

3 Economies Communism Government owns all aspects of business For the good of the people Controls all aspects of citizens lives: Prices of goods and services What is produced Workers salary China, Cuba, North Korea

Political Systems Government The system that sets up and enforces a society’s laws and institutions Direct Democracy Everyone participated in decisions Smaller groups:chiefs, elders Monarchy King or Queen rule the government Sweden, Denmark, Spain Representative Democracy Representatives elected by the people to make decisions for them U.S., Canada, Isreal Dictatorship When one person has almost complete power over a country Fidel Castro, Saddam Hussein, Josef Stalin, Adolf Hitler

Section 4 Cultural Change

Changing Cultures Environment Weather Ideas Recycle Technology Tools, seeds, computers, internet

Sharing Ideas Cultural diffusion Acculturation The movement of customs and ideas from one culture to another. Acculturation The process of accepting, borrowing, and exchanging ideas and traits among cultures.