Civil Rights Era & JFK  LBJ ( )

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Presentation transcript:

Civil Rights Era & JFK  LBJ (1945-1970) Early Demands for Equality

Segregation Divides America De jure segregation: segregation by law (Plessy v. Ferguson) De facto segregation: segregation via unwritten custom/ tradition (north)

Early Efforts Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)– 1942: nonviolent protests 1947: Jackie Robinson joins Dodgers 1948: desergr. military

Brown v. Board of Education NAACP mounts challenge vs. segr. public education Lawyer Thurgood Marshall Chief Justice Earl Warren KKK revival

Little Rock 9 (1957) Central High School (Ark.) to integrate 9 volunteers Gov. opposed, called out AR Nat’l Guard Eisenhower sent fed. troops Civil Rights Act of 1957: est. committee to investigate civil rights violations “It is important that the reasons for my action be understood by all our citizens… A foundation of our American way of life is our national respect for law… If resistance to the federal court orders ceases at once, the further presence of federal troops will be unnecessary and the City of Little Rock will return to its normal habits of peace and order and a blot upon the fair name and high honor of our nation in the world will be removed.” President Eisenhower, “Address on Little Rock,” 1957

Montgomery Bus Boycott Dec 1, 1955: Rosa Parks refused to give up bus seat to white passenger; arrested Boycott of buses in Montgomery, AL led by SCLC MLK Jr. (Baptist minister) calls for non-violent protests