EGYPT “The Gift of the Nile” (Herodotus) Look at the map and answer the following question: What did Herodotus mean when he said that Egypt is the “gift of the Nile?” Nile River Sahara Desert Because of the geography of the area, without the Nile River, there would be no Egypt.

Egyptians invented: Hieroglyphics Pyramids Geometry Advances in medicine and surgery

Hieroglyphics Sacred Carving Early Egyptian writing found on tombs was indecipherable. Hieroglyphics Sacred Carving No one could read these sacred carvings until Napoleon invaded Egypt and his archaeologists found the Rosetta Stone.

Hieroglyphics Demonic (ancient coptic) Greek

Papyrus is one of the first examples of paper Papyrus is one of the first examples of paper. It is created from reeds growing along the Nile River. Papyrus

The Government of Egypt Theocracy-is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler The king is in charge of state issues and religious issues

In Egypt the king is called Pharaoh He is also the leader of the religion and he is considered a GOD and is worshipped by the people

The Old Kingdom Menes unites upper and lower Egypt around 3100 BC

The Old Kingdom Khufu builds the Great Pyramid of Giza around 2540 BC

Old Kingdom Another achievement of the Egyptians during the Old Kingdom was the construction of the Sphinx

The Middle Kingdom Somewhere around 2180 BC the Old Kingdom collapses and the is 150 years of chaos 2055 BC the Middle Kingdom begins

The Middle Kingdom Expand Egypt's power into Africa Established trade with Mesopotamia Drained swamp land in the Nile Delta for farming Dug a Canal connecting the Red Seas with the Nile River

The End of the Middle Kingdom Around 1650 BC the Hyksos invaded Egypt The Hyksos were militarily superior: War Chariots and Bronze Weapons

The End of the Middle Kingdom Hyksos ruled Egypt for roughly 100 Years 1550 BC the Egyptians drove the Hyksos out creating the New Kingdom

The New Kingdom Egypt expanded into part of Mesopotamia and most of North Eastern Africa Hatshepsut became the first female pharaoh

The New Kingdom 1364 BC Amenhotep IV adopted a monotheistic religion and made Egypt worship the sun god Aten The priest did not like this and upon his death his Tutankhamen converted Egypt back to its’ polytheistic religion

The New Kingdom After Tutankamen’s death Egypt fell into disorder, civil war broke out and she lost much of her empire Ramses II became pharaoh reestablished order It is during Ramses II reign that the exodus of the Israelites took place

The End of the New Kingdom In the late 1200’s BC a group known as the “Sea People” attack Egypt and forced her to retreat to her old borders By 1070 BC Egypt totally collapsed and for the next 1000 years Egypt will be conquered and ruled by outside powers

Some Egyptian Gods Egyptian Gods: Amon - The creator god. Anubis - God of mummification. Isis - Mistress of Magic. Also the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. Osiris - God of farming and ruler of the underworld. Horus - The sky god. Son of Osiris and Isis. Set - God of disorder. An enemy of Horus. Sobek - The crocodile god. Ra - The sun god.