Chapter 6 Section 2 Ancient China

Three Philosophies Chinese scholars developed three new ways of thinking about the world during the disorder of the Time of the Warring States.

Legalism Believed that a strong government that enforced strict laws would restore order and stability after the Time of the Warring States. Thought that human beings were wicked and would only do good if forced to. Taught that rulers should reward people who carried out their duties well, but punished more than rewarded. Did not want people to question the government or teach different ideas.

Confucianism Confucius lived from 551 to 479 B.C., a time of much conflict for China. Taught filial piety - treating parents with respect. Like Legalists, wanted to restore order, but believed that respect for others was the key. Five basic relationships, each with its own code of proper conduct. Father and son Elder brother and younger brother Husband and wife Friend and friend Ruler and subject Believed that if rulers led in a moral way, their subjects would obey and there would be peace.

Daoism Laozi, if he existed, lived in the 500s B.C. and is said to have started Daoism. Believed a universal force called the Dao, or the Way, guides all things. Each human being has to find an individual way to follow and learn to live in harmony with nature and with his or her inner feelings. Did not want to be involved in government. If each person could find his/her way and live in harmony with nature, social order would follow.