Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Organic compounds contain carbon atoms, which bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks to form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Do now: Define: Molecular formula- Structural formula- Condensed formula-

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Allotrope- forms of a an element differing in either bonding or structure; [remember diamond (network solid) and graphite?] Variety of carbon containing compounds with diverse properties: Strong bonds between carbon Low reactivity Geometry

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and plastics. Alkane-hydrocarbon with only single bonds Isomers-compounds with the same number and types of atoms but differing geometric arrangements.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond. In a multiple covalent bond, more than one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. Unsaturated organic compounds contain at least one double or triple bond.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? IUPAC Naming System: Find the longest chain: “parent chain”

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Count the number of carbons in parent chain that will give groups (alkyl or functional groups) attached to chain the smallest numbers.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Add numbers to names of substituent groups (alkyl or functional groups) to identify positions.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Use prefixes to indicate the appearance of a group more than once. (di, tri, tetra)

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? List names of groups in alphabetical order. (ethyl before methyl)

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Use punctuation, no spaces: 3,4-ethyl

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halides, amines, amides, and amino acids are categories of organic compounds that differ in their structures. Functional groups impart distinctive physical and chemical properties to organic compounds. Isomers of organic compounds have the same molecular formula, but different structures and properties.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Halides- When a halogen replaces a hydrogen. Alcohol- When and –OH group (hydroxyl) replaces a hydrogen. Primary-OH at end of chain; Secondary-OH attached to secondary carbon; Tertiary-OH attached to tertiary carbon. Also there are dihydroxy and trihydroxy alcohols.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Aldehyde-When oxygen atom attached to end carbon by a double bond (-C=O) -ends in “al” formaldehyde is a preservative. Ketone-when carbonyl group (-C=O) is on interior carbon atom; –ends in “one”; Quite polar so used as solvents Ether-two carbon chains bonded together by an oxygen atom.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Organic acids- have –COOH (carboxyl group); ends in “oic acid” Weak electrolytes. Esters- product of reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol. Strong fragrant odors ; associate with pineapples, bananas, wintergreen and oranges.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Amines-derivative of ammonia; ends in amine. Amino acids- have -COOH AND Nitrogen. Amide- product of condenstion reaction between two amino acids. Contain Nitrogen.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them. identify organic reactions.