Scandinavian politics

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Presentation transcript:

Scandinavian politics Consensus democracies?

Characteristics Later in democratizing Relatively homogeneous But becoming more diverse Multiparty politics Long periods of Social Democratic dominance in Norway, Sweden & to a lesser extent, Denmark – now eroding Welfare states Consensus democracy?

Party systems Product of social & economic cleavages Use of proportional representation Typical configuration: Left Socialists or Socialist Peoples Social Democrats (SD) Centre (Agrarians, Radikalen in DK) Liberals (Agrarian Liberals in DK) Christian Peoples (Norway) Conservatives New right populists

Welfare states Aim: insure against uncertainties of life in industrial societies: impoverishment as a result Unemployment Illness & disability Industrial accident Old age Characteristics: Universal: equal benefits available to all Insurance-based Run by state and/or social partners Complemented by economic management intended to produce growth, employment & well-being

Origins: Sweden: Historic compromise in the 1930s (1938 Saltjöbaden agreements – cow trade) Employers recognize power of Social Democratic government Unions and Social Democrats recognize right of owners to earn profit Reinforced by Social Democratic hegemony Supplemented by Counter-cyclical demand management (Keynsianism) Solidaristic wage policies:

Consensus democracy? Consensus around what? Impact of Social Democracy & Social Democratic hegemony Points of disagreement? How democratic is consensus democracy?