Chapter 9 Section 1 JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE

Objectives Describe the outcome of the election of 1800. Explain Jefferson’s policies as President. Discuss the importance of Marbury v. Madison.

- Democratic-Republicans 1 In the Presidential election of 1800, there were two political parties going head to head: - Federalists - Democratic-Republicans

1 FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS Thomas Jefferson OR ELECTION OF 1800 FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS Thomas Jefferson OR Aaron Burr John Adams...OR Charles Pinkney…OR John Jay

Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 votes! 4 Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 votes! The House voted to break the tie and it stayed tied until the 35th vote in which Jefferson was elected President

Burr Kills Hamilton! After losing the election, Aaron Burr will run for Governor of New York in 1804. Hamilton will criticize Burr’s character and embarrass him. Burr believed Hamilton’s criticism caused him to lose the election and challenged him to a duel! Hamilton purposely missed; Burr did not!

To avoid this situation in the future, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment. From 1804 on, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President.

Thomas Jefferson: 3rd President

Jefferson’s many talents and interests included: 5 Jefferson’s many talents and interests included: LAWYER ARCHITECTURE MUSIC SCIENTIST READING HORSEMAN INVENTOR

“Revolution of 1800” Jefferson wanted an agricultural America! 6 He thought the U.S. would be better off with a nation of farmers

Laissez-faire-”let alone” 7 Jefferson wanted to make government smaller – less taxes, less federal employees &government programs Laissez-faire-”let alone”

Jefferson created new Republican policies and kept some existing Federalist policies.

9 MARBURY v. MADISON – was a case that established the concept of “judicial review”

JOHN MARSHALL – Was a Federalist appointed Supreme Court judge. 8 JOHN MARSHALL – Was a Federalist appointed Supreme Court judge. (Judge for over 30 years)

One Federalist who did not keep his job was Judge William Marbury. Adams had appointed Marbury and other judges in his last hours as President. When Jefferson took office, he ordered Secretary of State James Madison to cease work on the appointments.

Jefferson’s decision led to the landmark Supreme Court case, Marbury v Jefferson’s decision led to the landmark Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury sued James Madison. This act gave the Supreme Court the power to review any case against a federal official. Marbury cited the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Unconstitutional laws Chief Justice John Marshall used this case to establish the principle of judicial review. This gives the Supreme Court the authority to strike down unconstitutional laws. Unconstitutional laws

10 JUDICIAL REVIEW – means the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution

Marbury Vs. Madison Who: What: When: Why: Result: William Marbury, Judge appointed by president Adams on his last night as President. James Madison, Secretary of State, Told by Jefferson not to accept Marbury’s appointment. What: Supreme Court decision written by Chief Justice Marshall When: 1803 Why: Marbury wanted to keep his job. He brought his case to the Supreme Court because the 1789 Judiciary Act said that lawsuits against government officials should be tried there. Result: The Supreme Court ruled that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. Marbury could not bring his case there. This established the principal of JUDICIAL REVIEW

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