CATEGORIES OF BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

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CATEGORIES OF BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy – the science of naming and classifying organisms polynomial – “many” names, in the 1700’s descriptive phrases were used to name organisms resulting in many names that caused confusion

Carl Linnaeus – a Swedish biologist who developed the two-word Latin name for each species binomial nomenclature – a two-word Latin system for naming organisms developed by Linnaeus

scientific name – the two-part name for a species; the first word is the genus classification; the second word is the species classification ex: Homo sapiens (humans) Canis familiaris (dog) Canis lupus (wolf)

II. Rules for Naming Organisms All scientific names must have 2 Latin words. Two different types of organisms can not have the same scientific name. The first letter of the genus name is capitalized; the first letter of the species name is lowercase. Scientific names are italicized or underlined.

After the first use of the full scientific name, the genus can be abbreviated as a single letter. Ex: Homo sapiens H. sapiens Canis familiaris C. familiaris

III. HOW BIOLOGIST CLASSIFY ORGANISMS *Biologist classify organisms based on appearance, structure, breeding patterns, and similarities in DNA sequence.

Eight Levels of Classification: Domain Kingdom Phylum (Phyla) Class Order Family Genus Species Mneumonic: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup makes up Scientific Name!!!

Levels of Classification: Frog Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Amphibia Order - Anura Family - Ranidae Genus – Rana Species - catesbiana * *

* *

Lizard Snake * * Eukarya Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Gekkonidae Gekko gecko Snake Eukarya Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Viperidae Agkistrodon contortrix Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species * *

*Each level of classification is based on characteristics Most Inclusive/Least Specific Most Inclusive /Least Specific Least Inclusive/Most Specific *Each level of classification is based on characteristics shared by all the organisms it contains. If two organisms belong to the same order what other taxons/levels do they share?

Levels of Classification Most Inclusive/ Least Specific Least Inclusive/ Most Specific

Levels of Classification Domain basic unit of biological classification

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